Patho - Nerves

Front 1

intracellular cerebral edema caused by

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dec serum Na

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extracellular cerebral edema caused by

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inc vessel perm

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papilledema sign of

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cerebral edema

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pseudotumor cerebri most common in

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young obese women

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path of pseudotumor cerebri

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dec CSF resorption -> HA, blurry vision, diplopia

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subfalcine herniation compresses

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ACA

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uncal herniation compressions

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CN III, PCA, PNS

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duret's hemorrhages

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compression of midbrain with uncal herniation

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CSF produced by

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choroid plexus in ventricles

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CSF reabsorbed by

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arachnoid granulations into dural venous sinus

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CSF enters subarachnoid space by

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exiting 4th vent thru formaina

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communicating hydrocephalus caused by 2

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inc CSF production, scarring

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noncommunicating hydrocephalus caused by

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cerebral adequct stricture, 4th vent tumor, brain base scarring

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enlarged head circumference in NB

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ventricles dilating from hydrocephalus

Front 15

normal pressure hydrocephalus triad

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wide-based gait, urinary incontinence, dementia

Front 16

normal pressure hydrocephalus patho

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inc subarachnoid space volume stretch fibers of sacral motor & limbic

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marker for NT defects

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inc AFP

Front 18

dimple or hair tuft overlying L5-S1

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spina bifida occulta

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cystic mass w/ meninges

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meningocele

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cyst mass w/ meninges and SC

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meningomyelocele

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Arnold-Chiari malformation

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caudal extension of medulla & cerebellar vermis thru foramen magnum

Front 22

Dandy-Walker malformation

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absence of cerebellar vermis w/ cystic dilation of 4th vent

Front 23

Syringomyelia

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obstruction of 4th vent outflow at birth cause SC degeneration

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cervical cord enlargement w/ fluid-filled cavity

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syringomyelia

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dec pain/temp sensation in hands & loss of intrinsic muscles

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syringomyelia

Front 26

NF1 genetics

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AD, incomplete penetrance, chr 17

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NF2 genetics

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AD, incomplete penetrance, chr 22

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NF1-specific findings 4

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optic glioma, iris hamartoma, axillary/inguinal freckling

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NF2-specific findings 3

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b/l acoustic neuroma, juvenile cataracts, meningiomas

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NF1 tumor associations 3

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pheochromocytoma, Wilm's tumor, juvenile CML

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hypopigmented skin lesion in shape of leaf

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Shagreen patch; tuberous sclerosis

Front 32

Sturge-Weber vascular malformation assoc w/

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i/l AVM in meninges

Front 33

epidural hematoma caused by

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middle meningeal artery tear

Front 34

subdural hematoma caused by

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bridging veins tear

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which hematoma assoc w/ lucid interval

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epidural hematoma

Front 36

red neurons

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neuronal apoptosis w/ cerebral atrophy

Front 37

TIA patho

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microembolization of plaque material

Front 38

amaurosis fugax

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temporary loss of vision from emboli at retinal vessel bifurcation

Front 39

most common location intracerebral hemorrhage

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basal ganglia

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best test for lacunar infarct

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CT w/o contrast

Front 41

most common demyelinating dz

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MS

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b/l internuclear ophthalmoplegia

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MS demyelinating MLF

Front 43

alcoholic w/ hyponatremia at risk for

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central pontine myelinolysis

Front 44

GSK in alz

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activated by amyloid beta and causes phosphorylation of amyloid beta

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initial GSK activation linked to

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Wnt

Front 46

Amyloid beta is metabolic product of

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APP

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degradation of amyloid beta by

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insulin degrading enzyme

Front 48

secretases inv in making amyloid beta

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beta & gamma; alpha prevent amyloid beta formation

Front 49

activated GSK also causes

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tau-phosphorylation -> neurofibrillary tangles & senile plaques

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DDx Huntington's & Friedrich's ataxia

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no chorea in Friedrich's

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sensory changes in ALS

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NONE

Front 52

parkinsonium Sx w/ inc Cu

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Wilson's dz

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urine colorless -> port-wine color

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acute intermittent porphyria

Front 54

bellyful scars

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acute intermittent porphyria

Front 55

childhood brain tumors

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cystic astrocytoma, medullablastoma

Front 56

meningioma histo

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psammoma bodies encompassed by swirling masses of cells

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ependymoma in adult found in

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cauda equina

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ependymoma in child found in

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4th ventricle

Front 59

frontal lobe calcifications in adult

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oligodendroglioma

Front 60

most common hereditary neuropathy

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth

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inverted bottle appearnce of legs

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peroneal nerve neuropathy; Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Front 62

GB assoc w/ which inf 6

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m. pneumoniae, c. jejuni, HIV, EBV, CMV, flu

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glove & stocking paresthesias/anesthesia

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GB

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Agnosia

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inability to recognize

Front 65

Acalculia

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inability to calculate

Front 66

Alexia

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inability to read

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Agraphia

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inability to write

Front 68

Amnesia

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inability to remember

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Anopsia

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inability to see

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Anosognosia

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inability to recognize disease

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Aphasia

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inability to speak

Front 72

Aphonia

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inability to produce sounds

Front 73

Apraxia

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inability to learn movements (by practice)

Front 74

Ataxia

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inability to coordinate muscles

Front 75

Atonia

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loss of muscle tone

Front 76

Tuberous sclerosis assoc tumors 3

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rhabdomyoma in heart
harmtoms: subependymal astrocytoma, kidney angiomyolipoma

Front 77

Aneurysm of which arteries would compress CN III? 3

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Sup cerebellar, PCA, basilar artery