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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is aneurysm
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arterial bulging
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causes of aneurysm in brain
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age, HTN, smoking, genetic - AV malformation
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causes of AAA
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HTN, smoking, Marfan's syndrome (connective tissue disorder)
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S/sx brain aneurysm
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HA, eye pain, vision changes, numbness/weakness in the face, ALOC --> Increased ICP
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s/sx Abd Aorta aneurysm
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pain in abdomen and back, abd mass, N/V, diaphoresis, tachycardia, shock
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testing aneurysm
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CT, MRI, Cerebral arteriogram, Abd US
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what are esophageal varices
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extremely dilated submucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus
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What is mallory-weiss syndrome?
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esophagogastric lacerations as a result of severe retching - stretching of esophagus leads to bleeding
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barret esophagus
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metaplasia
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What is a peptic ulcer?
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ulceration of stomach lining
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gastric ulcer
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not dependent on gastric acid secretion
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duodenal ulcer
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hypersecretion of gastric acid
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three kinds of peptic ulcers
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gastric, duodenal, lower esophagus
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Causes of peptic ulcers
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H. pylori, NSAIDS, smoking, stress, ETOH
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Peptic ulcer s/x
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N/V, weight loss, hemoptysis, hematemesis, melena
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Gastric ulcer - pain?
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Not related to food consumption
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duodenal ulcer - pain?
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decreases after eating
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testing for peptic ulcers?
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Upper GI Transit, endoscopy, H. pylori blood breath and stool
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what is gastritis?
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focal damage to gastric mucosa, acute inflammation, necrosis and hemorrhage; multiple lesions
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causes of gastritis?
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NSAIDS, smoking, heavy OH
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UA Hematuria
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color: blood, pus, dilp; RBC, WBC, crystals, nitrites, glucose, protein
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Hemophilia a - factor?
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factor VIII deficiency
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Hemophilia B - factor?
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Factor IX deficiency
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Von Willebrand's - factor?
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Factor VIII deficiency
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What is DIC?
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state of hypercoagulation; thrombosis and hemorrhage occur simultaneously. Widespread clotting leads to ischemia and multiple end organ failure; clotting consumes platelets and clotting factors, leading to hemorrhage
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causes of DIC?
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sepsis, bacterial infection, cancer, retained placenta, anesthesia, burns, major trauma
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s/sx DIC?
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bleeding, bruising, hypotension, thrombocytopenia
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testing for DIC
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Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, fibrinogen, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products
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Name the four kinds of dysfunctional uterine bleeding
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Monorrhagia, metrorrhagia, menometrorrhagia, polymenorrhea
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menorrhagia
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prolonged, excessive bleeding at regular intervals
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metrorrhagia
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irregular, frequent uterine bleeding
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menometrorrhagia
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combination of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia
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polymenorrhea
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regular bleeding at <21-day intervals
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Causes of DUB?
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leiomyomas, polyps, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, cancer, IUD injury, PID, Trauma, Endometriosis, foreign bodies
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what is a leiomyoma?
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uterine fibroids - benign smooth muscle tumors
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causes of leiomyomas?
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genetic, hormonal, idiopathic
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s/sx leiomyomas
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menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia, pain, pressure in lower abdomen, urinary frequency, constipation, backache, abd fullness, cramping with periods, enlarged and assymetrical uterus on pelvic exam
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Testing for leiomyomas
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transvag. US, CBC, hormone levels, endometrial biopsy to rule out cancer
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endometriosis
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abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside uterus
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causes of endometriosis
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unknown, hormonal, fetal development, FHX, Caucasian, Asian
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s/sx endometriosis
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onset after menses and stops after menopause; pelvic pain, infertility, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, GI sxs
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Testing for endometriosis
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exam, US, laparoscopy, R/O other causes of DUB, pelvic pain
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