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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diarrhea leads to...
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Increased intestinal fluid secretion;
decreased intestinal fluid absorption; increased intestinal motility; increased osmotic load |
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Causes of acute infectious diarrhea
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Virus, bacteria, parasite, laxative overdose, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes (celiac, short bowel syndrome)
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Risk factors for acute infectious diarrhea
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Fecal-oral contamination, undercooked food, contaminated water, genetic susceptibilty, gastric acidity, compromised intestinal flora, immunocompromised
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S/S acute infectious diarrhea
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Fever, headache, malaise, NV, abdominal pain, blood in stool
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Complications of acute infectious diarrhea
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Dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances (HYPO K!), acid-base disturbances (METABOLIC ACIDOSIS!), intestinal perforation (Boardlike Rigid abdomen)
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Dx of acute infectious diarrhea
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Find a treat the cause! H&P, leukocytosis, stool culture, colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy
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Causes of constipation
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Insufficient fiber, inadequate fluid intake, slowed intestinal motility, medications
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S/S of constipation
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Stool hard, difficult to pass, abdominal distension, bloating, increased rectal pressure
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Complications of constipation
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Hemorrhoids, fecal impaction, perforation, rectal ulcer
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Fecal incontinence causes
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Motor function impairment, sensory function impairment (neurological), obstertric trauma, diarrhea
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Inflammatory bowel disease
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Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation; two unique disease process: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's; risk factors: teens/early adult, industrialized countries, genetics; may be accompanied by systemic manifestations
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Crohn's disease
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Crosses borders: "skip lesions" and penetrates entire bowel wall; complications include nutritional deficits
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Ulcerative colitis
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Begins in rectum and spreads continuously upward thru colon; localized to mucosal layer; complications include severe rectal bleeding
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Common clinical manifestations between Crohn's and UC
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Diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, fatigue
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Clinical manifestations specific to Crohn's
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Colicky pain and weight loss
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Clinical manifestations specific to UC
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Bloody diarrhea ranging in severity, cramping abdominal pain
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Diagnostics for IBD
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CBC, Albumin (nutritional status), electrolytes (HYPO K!), stool studies, colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy and biopsy, capsule endoscopy, barium enema
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Diverticulosis
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Risk factors: low fiber, obesity, older than 40; clinical: range from asymptomatic to severe, LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis; complications: GI bleed, peritonitis; Diagnostics: CBC, Abd-Xray, Ultrasound, Colonoscopy, Barium enema
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