Patho Ii

Front 1

Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

Located beneath the.......

Back 1

hypothalamus in the sella turcica

Front 2

The pituitary gland is connected to hypothalamus by what?

Back 2

pituitary stalk

Front 3

Pituitary Gland is composed of two lobes, what are they?

Back 3

anterior (adenohypophysis)

posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes

Front 4

The hypothalamus regulates endocrine function of the anterior pituitary by:

Back 4

secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the portal system

Front 5

Release of posterior pituitary hormones occurs when:

Back 5

action potentials generated in the hypothalamic neurons travel down the axons of the pituitary stalk and trigger exocytosis of hormone from the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary gland

Front 6

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Where are they produced?

Back 6

neurons of the hypothalamus

Front 7

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

How are these hormones released?

Back 7

depolarization of the appropriate

hypothalamic neurons and conduction of action potentials to the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary

Front 8

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

› Released in response to what?

Back 8

altered serum osmolality and hypotension

Front 9

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

ADH release causes what?

Back 9

water retention by increasing water reabsorption by the renal collecting duct

Front 10

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Oxytocin

Released during :

Back 10

sexual activity, childbirth, and breast-feeding

Front 11

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Oxytocin

Causes :

Back 11

uterine and milk duct contractions

Front 12

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland

Three-tiered axis:

Back 12

hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones

anterior pituitary hormones

target organ hormones

Front 13

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland

All hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are what?

Back 13

peptides and water soluble

Front 14

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland

Growth hormone
› Pituitary GH release is controlled by:

Back 14

hypothalamic release of growth hormone-releasing hormone

(GHRH)

Front 15

Growth Hormone

Targets
› Liver:

Back 15

affects liver metabolism and induces the

production of insulin-like growth factor-1

Front 16

Growth Hormone

Targets

Muscle and adipose tissue:

Back 16

increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass by inducing lipolysis

Front 17

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Prolactin

Back 17

› Acts directly on numerous cell types

› Trophic effects on breast tissue development and lactation

Front 18

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Prolactin

Ability to suppress reproductive function in men and women through suppression of what?

Back 18

hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Front 19

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Gonadotropins include what two hormones?

Back 19

› Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

› Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 20

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Gonadotropins

Stimulate what?

Back 20

testosterone in men and estrogen and

progesterone in women

Front 21

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Gonadotropins

Release is stimulated by what?

Back 21

hypothalamic gonadotropin-

releasing hormone

Front 22

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Gonadotropins

Inhibited by negative feedback from

Back 22

sex steroids

Front 23

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

› Thyrotropes release TSH in response to

Back 23

hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Front 24

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Negative feedback regulation of TRH and TSH

through what?

Back 24

concentration of circulating T3

Front 25

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Produced by corticotropes in the anterior pituitary in response to:

Back 25

hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Front 26

Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Binds to Gs coupled receptors on cells in the adrenal cortex and stimulates the production of what?

Back 26

cortisol and adrenal androgens