Patho- Feb. 17

Front 1

Bone formation

Back 1

formed from fibrous membranes and cartilege- usually by 6 weeks in uteru
grow through early adulthood- longitudinal and appositional

Front 2

Bone formation- remodeling and repair

Back 2

recylce 5-7% of bone mass per week, .5 g of calcium enters and leaves bones daily- bone deposition and resorption occurs at periosteal and endosteal surfaces

Front 3

Bone deposition

Back 3

stimulates osteoblasts, needs proteins, vitamin C for collagen, Vitamin A and calcium and phosphate salts

Front 4

Bone resorptio,n

Back 4

stimulate osteoclasts- organic matrix dissolved from lysosomal enzyme- lose flexibility first due to loss of proteoglycans and collagen, also lose some of the inorganic bone-this releases calcium salts which are converted to usable calcium by metabolic acids, some phagocytosis occurs here and eats up calcium so it won't be present agian when bone deposition is needed

Front 5

Calcium balance-high calcium

Back 5

high blood levels of calcium-thyroid stimulated-parafollicular glands stiumualted-calcitonin stimulated, calcium taken from blood stream and deposited in bone- lower blood calcium levels and cause bone deposition to occur

Front 6

Calcium balance- low blood calcium levels

Back 6

low blood calcium, parathyroid hormone stimulated, osteoclasts stimulated, bone is broken down and resorption occurs, calcium is released into blood

Front 7

What regulates PTH

Back 7

estrogen - this is why osteclasts go crazy during menopause

Front 8

Bone Injuring

Back 8

fractures
osteoporosis- resorption outpaces deposition- bones become pourous
osteomalacia- bones not mineralized- Rickets-Calcium and vitamin D deficiency

Front 9

Pagets disease

Back 9

excessive depostion and resorption occuring, this created pagetic bone- high sponge-soft weak bones- poor mineralization seen after 40 years, causes by tumors, vascular disorders or virus

Front 10

Osteomyelitis

Back 10

inflammation of bone and bone marrow- cause pus forming bacteria- painful

Front 11

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 11

affects skeletal muscle
metabolic defect- like unable to break down glycogen to glucose or enzyme deficiency

Front 12

muscular dystrophy-manifestation

Back 12

degeneration of bone, necrosis, muscle replaced by fat/connective tissue

Front 13

Muscular dystrophy- diagnoses

Back 13

EMG, biopsy, creatine phosphokinase - can look for this- this is an enzyme found within the cell

Front 14

Duchennes

Back 14

X-linked, onset at 2-3 years, starts in hip/leg, progesses rapidly

Front 15

Laundouzy

Back 15

autosomal dominant, onset before 20, starts in shoulder/face, progresses slow to moderate

Front 16

Myotonic dystrophy

Back 16

autosomal dominant 19th, onset birth to 50, starts in face/ hands, progresses slow

Front 17

Limbgirdle dystrophy

Back 17

Autosomal recessive, onset any time, starts in shoulder/pelvis, progression is variable

Front 18

1st degree muscle strain

Back 18

like bench press, overstretched, painful-ice for 24-48 hours

Front 19

2nd degree muscle strain

Back 19

strain + bruising, muscle intact with tearing, above plus drugs and alternate hot and cold

Front 20

3rd degree muscle strain

Back 20

Tearing, rupture, bleeding, treatment by surgery, immoblization