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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The nervous system and the ______ work together to control body funcions |
Endocrine system |
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Most common cause of endocrine disorders |
Development of benign tumor (adenoma) |
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Caused by relative deficit of insulin secretion from the beta cells in the islets of langerhans or the lack of response by cells to insulin, insulin resistance |
Diabetes mellitus |
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________ is used to cover both decreases secretion of insulin, insulin resistance |
Insulin deficit |
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Anabolic hormone: building up or synthesis of complex substances from simple molecules |
Insulin |
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Deficient insulin results in abnormal metabolism of: |
-Carbohydrates -Proteins -Fats |
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Two basic types of diabetes |
types 1 and 2 |
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Also known as insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or "juvenile diabetes" |
Type 1 |
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Type 1: a more severe form which results from an ___________ and requires replacement therapy |
absolute deficit of insulin |
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Occurs more often in children and young adults but can develop at any age |
Type 1 |
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Type 1: there is a _________ and beta cells are destroyed in an autoimmune response |
genetic factor |
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Type 1 (IDDM): acute complications such as ________ and ______ occur more frequently in type 1 |
hypoglycemia, Ketoacidosis |
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Also known as noninsulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or "mature onset" (adult) diabetes |
Type 2 |
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Type 2: occurs due to a ______________ |
relative or partial deficit of insulin |
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Type 2 is milder and usually develops in older adults, most are _________ |
overweight |
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_________________ may occur during pregnancy then disappear after delivery, there is an increased risk to develop other forms |
gestational diabetes |
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Insulin deficit initial stage: |
-Decreased transport and use of glucose -Hyperglycemia -Glucosuria -Polyuria -Dehydration -Polydipsia -Polyphagia |
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Insulin deficit progressive effects: |
-Catabolism of fats and proteins -Ketoacidosis -Body pH decreases (more acidic) -Ketonuria |
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Metabolic acidosis can lead to |
diabetic coma |
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Signs/symptoms insulin deficit, typical three P's herald onset of diabetes |
-Polyuria -Polydipsia -Polyphagia -Diabetic ketoacidosis if prolonged insulin deficit |
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Precipitated by and excess of insulin which causes a deficit of glucose in the blood, Manifestations are due to low blood glucose, not high insulin levels |
Hypoglycemia (insulin shock) |
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis signs and symptoms are related to |
-Dehydration -Metabolic acidosis -Electrolyte imbalance |
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Leads to Hypocalcemia, causes tetany (muscle twitching/spasms), Possible cardiac arrythmias |
Hypoparathyroidism |
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Leads to Hypercalcemia, increase PTH causes calcium to leave the bone leading to osteoporosis, increased predioposition to kidney stones (renal calculi) |
Hyperparathyroidism |
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Deficit of Growth hormone (GH) |
Dwarfism |
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Excess GH in children |
Gigantism |
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Excess GH in adults |
Acromegaly |
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ADH |
Antiduretic hormone |
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Deficit of ADH causing dehydration, manifestations are polyuria (large amounts of dilute urine) and thirst |
Diabetes Insipidus |
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Enlargement of the thyroid gland, can develop with both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, usually due to insufficient iodine levels |
Goiter |
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-Increased secretion of T3 and T4 -Occurs more frequently in women (over 30) -Related to an autoimmune factor -Manifested by the signs of: Hypermetabolism thin with increased appetite toxic goiter exophthalmos |
Hyperthyroidism (grave's disease) |
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-Decreased secretion T3 and T4 -Manifested by signs of Hypometabolism Endemic goiter lethargic weight gain with decreased appetite |
Hypothyroidism |
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Destructive, inflammatory autoimmune disorder (hypothyroidism) |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
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Severe hypothyroidism in adults, Manifested as facial puffiness and thick tongue |
Myxedema |
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-Untreated congenital hypothyroidism impairing mental and physical development |
Cretinism |
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Deficit of corticosteroids (glucocorticoids/mineralcorticoids), High risk of infection, Poor stress response, Weight loss, fatigue, Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, Hypotension, syncope, hyperpigmentation |
Addison's disease |
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Excess glucocorticoids (cortisol), high risk of infection, poor stress response, Moon face, buffalo hump, obese trunk, muscle wasting in limbs, osteoporosis, striae, bruising of skin, high risk of infection, hypertension, glucose intolerance, fatigue, weakness, delayed healing |
Cushing's syndrome |
