Patho

Front 1

HIV vs. AIDs

Back 1

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus

AIDs: disease caused by infection with HIV

Front 2

modes of transmission for HIV

Back 2

occurs when infected blood, semen, or vaginal secretions are deposited onto a mucous membrane or blood

sweat, saliva, urine, tears, feces are NOT infectious

Front 3

Risk factors for mother to infant transmittion

Back 3

1. ruptured membranes over 4hrs
2. mother's low CD4 count
3. birth weight less than 2500g
4. drug use during pregnancy
5. high maternal viral load

prevention: ART; avoid breast feeding

All pregnant women should be screened for HIV!

Front 4

incr risk for sexual contact

Back 4

INCR RISK if:

1. partner is in advanced stage HIV
2. indiv w/ ulcers, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis

Front 5

Antibody detection

Back 5

HIV antibodies develop 2-6 months after injection -- false negative may occur

Front 6

ELISA

Back 6

initial test; requires western blot to confirm;

False positives:
hematologic malignancy
DnA viral infection (epstein barr, mono)
autoimmune disorders
immunizations
chronic renal failure

ex of elisa: oral quick -- finger stick test

Front 7

Western blot

Back 7

performed when ELISA is +
more specific
confirms disease

Front 8

HIV-1

Back 8

belongs to lentevirus family
associated with AIDS in most of world
2 major groups:
1. M (major)
2. O (outlier/other)

HIV-1 clade B is a major strain associated with AIDs

Front 9

HIV-2

Back 9

common in western africa
less virulent than HIV-1
slower progression to AIDs

however drugs don't respond as well.

Front 10

HIV Life Cycle

Back 10

Attachment to CD4 receptor on T cell ---> uncoating (allows components of viral core to enter CD4 cell) ---> Reverse transcriptase generates dsDNA from RNA ---> viral DnA integrates into host nucleus and is inserted into the host cell's DNA ---> DNA forms mRNA --> gets translated into polyproteins --> polyproteins are cleaved into indiv proteins and enzymes required to make mature viron --> new mature viron bud from CD4 cell.