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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protein system that provide a biochemical barrier against invading pathos |
complement system clotting system kinin system |
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Cellular Mediators |
Mast cells, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) Monocytes and macrophages NK cells and lymphocytes Cellular fragments (platelets) |
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Mast Cells |
most important activators of inflammation
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Chemokines or sytokines |
regulate innate or adaptive resistance: pro or anti inflammatory actions are pleiotropic either synergic or antagonistic include interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors (TNF) |
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interleukins (ILs) |
Cytokines: that are produced by microphages and lymphocytes. they help regulate inflammation. IL-1, 6, 10, |
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Interferons (INFs) |
cytokines- protect against viral infections; produced and released by virally infected host cells in response to viral double-stranded RNA ; doesn't directly kill viruses but prevents them from infecting additional healthy cells .
INF-a- INF-b - induce antiviral protein production INF-y - increase microbiocidal activity of macrophages |
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Chemokines |
More than 40 diff kinds exist. -induce wbc chemotaxis -produced by macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.
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Mast cells |
in connective tissue close to blood vessels. Skin, Digestive lining, and resp tract
Activated by physical injury, chem agents, adaptive immunity, and TLRs (detects invasion of microbial pathogens) |
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how are mast cells chemicals released? |
1. degranulation 2. Synthesis of Lipid-derived chemical mediators |
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exudate |
fluids and cells, such as protein and debris |
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serous exudate |
watery exudate; indicate early inflammation |
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fibrinous exudate |
thick, clotted exudate; indicate more advanced inflammation |
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purulent (suppurative) exudate |
PUS: indicates a bacterial infection |
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Hemorrhagic exudate |
exudate containing blood: indicates bleeding |
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Systemic Maifestations of inflammation includes |
Fever- caused by exogenous and endogenous pyrogens. On hypothalamus. LEUKOCYTOSIS- increase # of circulating leukocytes Increase plasma protein synthesis |
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Chronic Inflammation |
lasts 2wks-months-yrs related to unsuccessful acute inflammatory response Causes- high lipid and wax content of micros; ability to survive inside the macrophage; toxins; chemicals, physical irritants
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Regeneration |
most favorable outcome |
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Resolution |
returning injured tissue to the original structure and function |
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Repair |
replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue |
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Debridement |
cleaning up dissolved clots, microorgs, erythrocytes, and dead tissue cells |
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healing |
filling in the wound, sealing the wound (epitheliazation), shrinking the wound (contraction) |
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Acute inflammation (stage 1) |
present in exudate. macrophages release angiogenesis factors to attract epithelial cells and vascular endothelia cells.
fibroblast-activation factor to attract fibroblasts |
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Reconstructive phase (stage 2) |
wound begins to heal 3-4 days after injury and cont for 2 wks. fibroblast proliferation occurs. Collagens synthesis by fibroblasts. Epithelialization wound contract through actions of myofibroblasts cellular differentiation occurs |
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Maturation Phase |
healed wound os remodeled. Wks-2yrs after injury. Cellular diff continues, scar tissue forms, scar remodeling occurs |
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dehiscence |
wounds pull apart at the suture line. Causes are excessive strain, wound sepsis, and obesity 5-12 days after suture
characteristics are - serious drainage is increased; feels like something gave away; surgery is required
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