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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DIABETIC KETOACDIOSIS (DKA)
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ACUTE COMPLICATION OF DM
BEGINS W/ DEFICENCY OF INSULIN MORE COMMON W/ TYPE 1 DUE TO UNDIAGNOISED DM OR DONT TAKE INSULIN INCRS SERUM KETONE BODIES HYPERGLYCEMIC ACIDIC FLUID LOSS=5-7 L |
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HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIA NON KETOTIC SYNDROM (HHNK)
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BS > 600
PLASMA OSMOLARITY >310 COMA OCCURS OFTEN IN TYPE 2, AND THOSE WITH IMPAIRED ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE THIRST INCRS pH FLUID LOSS OF 9L DEHYDRATION MORE SEVERE! |
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DIABETIC HYPOGYLCEMIA
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COMMON W/ TYPE 1 PTS
TAKE TOO MUCH INSULIN |
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SOMOGYI EFFECT
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BLOOD GLUCOSE DROPS TO QUICKLY usually at noc when it goes unnoticed
AT FIRST HYPERGLYCEMIC SO TAKE EXTRA INSULIN, WHICH WILL THEN CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA TX: DCRS INSULIN DOSE TO A LEVEL WHERE THE BLOOD GLUCOSE WILL NOT DROP SO LOW |
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Chronic complication in vasculatur of DM
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DCRS DIAMETER OF VESSELS
RISK FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS MI CVA ATROPHY OF SKIN/HAIR, CLAUDICATION NON HEALING ULCERS NECROSIS RBCs carry a HbA1c which measure BS for 120 days (lifespan of RBC) |
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chronic eye prob of DM
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Retinopathy (blindness)
MICROANEURYSMS HEMORRHAGES INCRS RATE OF CATARACTS GLAUCOMA hard exudates cottonwool spots |
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chronic prob of kidneys in DM
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nephropathy
RENAL ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON DISEASE= THICKING OF GLOMERULOUS CAUSEING GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS CAUSEING DESTRICTION OF GLOMERULI nodule necrosis renal failure azotemia |
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DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
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SEXUAL IMPOTENCE
NEUROGENIC BLADDER=CANT VOID PERPIPHERAL NEUROPATHY=NUMBNESS AND TINGLING INCRS H20 stocking-glove peripheral neuropathy ulcers |
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DRUG=INSULIN
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SE= HYPOGLYCEMIA
USED FOR TYPE 1 |
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SULFONYLURES =DRUG
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STIMULATE RELEASE OF ENDOGENOUS INSULIN FROM PANCREAS
SE=HYPOGLYCEMIA, DISULFIRAM LIKE EFFECTS |
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METFORMIN=DRUG
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INHIBITS GLYCONEOGENESIS(making glucose from other things) AND STIMULATED GLYCOLYSIS(utilization of the glucose) TO DCRS SERUM GLUCOSE LEVELS
SE=LACTIC ACIDOSIS |
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GLITAZONES=DRUG
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INCRS TARGET CELL RESPONSE TO INSULIN
SE=WEIGHT GAIN, HEPATOTOXIC |
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5 ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
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DM drug
INHIBITS INTESTINAL ENZYME DELAYED HYDROLYSIS OF GLUCOSE AND DCRS ABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE SE=GI DISTURBANCES |
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NKA Non-ketotic Hyperosmolar
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hyperglycemia
hyperosmolarity alkalosis older pt w/ typeII Causes:inability to sense thirst or obtain enought H20 infection, CVA, MI incrs in plasma concentr. lose 9L tx w/ saline and insulin |
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hypoglycemia
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bs < 50-70
causes: DM that take a med, dont eat exercise alcoholism carnitine deficiency-tissues depend on glucose for fuel not fat and other things factitious hypogly-give self to much insulin so high serum insulin levels w/ low C peptide levels |
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sympotoms of hypoglycemia
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sweating
trembling anxiety glucagon S&S- hunger, borborygmus, N&V, abd discomfort |
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tx of hypoglycemia
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give 15-20 g of carb works w/in minutes
IV perfusion 50% dextrose |
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causes of HHNK
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dcrs fluid intake
infection UTI pneuomnia drugs stressors enviro chemicals |
