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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
a reduction of hemoglobin in the blood to below normal levels
Anemia
Most common form of all anemias
iron deficiency
Cells are microcytic and hypochromic with different shapes (poikilocytosis) and different sizes (anisocytosis), target cells
iron deficiency
Cells are macrocytic with a decreased number of erythrocytes. Also has varying shapes (poikilocytosis) and sizes (anisocytosis)
Hence a macrocytic anemia
B12 or Folic Acid deficiency
ETOH abusers, Sprue, Celiac disease, drugs, etc causes what type of anemia
Folic Acid Deficiency
what is the most common infectious form of hemolytic anemia
Malaria
In the case of autoimmune hemolytic anemias, what type of hypersensitivity reaction generally occurs?
Type II
Which nutritional deficiencies are known to lead to a macrocytic anemia?
Folic Acid & B12 deficiency
Also called erythrocytosis
Increased number of red blood cells (RBC)
Polycythemia
Results from the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (**No External Stimuli Required)
Primary Polycythemia
Increase in red blood cell volume due to erythroid bone marrow hyperplasia can be caused by erythropoietin, prolonged hypoxia or renal carcinoma
Secondary Polycythemia
list the characteristics of polycythemia
Blood tends to clot more readily
Often seen with hypertension
Patients often have splenomegaly
Sluggish blood flow
Selective lymphopenia is represented by Dz
AIDS/HIV
A 23 y/d M c/o sore throat, fever, chills, and neck pain for 6 days. posterior cervical lymphadinitis. you suspect Epstein-Barr virus
On a CBC, what might you expect to see?
Lymphocytosis
Thrombocytopenia is a decrease of circulating platelets to _________
< 70,000 / mcl
antibodies to platelets get them destroyed in the spleen
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
SLE and CLL have been seen in association with what disorder
Chronic ITP
DIC can be caused by a massive release of endotoxins from what type of bacteria
gram negative bacteria
If a 45 y/o female patient is suffering from a snake bite. what illness should you consider
DIC
what are the four most common types Leukemias
Acute lymphoblastic (ALL)
Acute myelogenous (AML)
Chronic lymphocytic (CLL)
Chronic myelogenous (CML)
what is the most common form of leukemia in children and the most common malignancy in children younger than 5 years.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
what are the lab findings and treatment for DIC
- Prolonged PT, PTT, thrombocytopenia, and elevated fibrin degradation products
- Rx by giving heparin to prevent further clotting, then give coagulation factors
Most common form of acute leukemias in adults
Approximately 70-85% of all cases: Median age 65, also linked to environmental factors: radiation & benzene
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
what are the diagnostic requirements AML
20% of myeloblasts in a bone marrow biopsy
90% of these pts have the Philadelphia chromosome
Other 10% have a very poor prognosis
CML
which Leukemia is considered a disease of older adults (>50) and malignant disease involving lymphoid cells
CLL
which Leukemia does not respond to chemotherapy
CLL
Lymphoma are divided into what two categories and which is the worse to have
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
45% - most common form of lymphoma in the US, older population, slow growing tumor, does not respond to cytotoxic drugs, and chemo only temporarily slows
Follicular lymphoma
most aggressive form of lymphoma
Completely involves the lymph node
Complete remission induced by chemotherapy in 75%, and 50% may remain disease free for several years. CURE rate is low.
iDffuse large-cell lymphoma
common lymphoma in sub-Saharan Africa: EBV
Responds well to chemo, most will be cured
Burkitt’s lymphoma
What age groups does Hodgkin’s Lymphoma affect
Affect all age groups, yet peaks at 25 & 55 years (bimodal)
Diagnosis is dependent on identification of Reed-Sternberg cells
Bilobed or multilobed nucleus surrounded by a clear halo (“owls eye”)
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
A malignant disease of the plasma cells
Secretion of immunoglobulins are excreted by kidney, resulting in damage to the renal tubules
Multiple Myeloma
Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma is based on what?
x-ray studies, serum electrophoresis data, and bone marrow biopsy
what type of cells does Non-Hodgkins affect
B-cell