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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a reduction of hemoglobin in the blood to below normal levels
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Anemia
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Most common form of all anemias
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iron deficiency
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Cells are microcytic and hypochromic with different shapes (poikilocytosis) and different sizes (anisocytosis), target cells
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iron deficiency
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Cells are macrocytic with a decreased number of erythrocytes. Also has varying shapes (poikilocytosis) and sizes (anisocytosis)
Hence a macrocytic anemia |
B12 or Folic Acid deficiency
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ETOH abusers, Sprue, Celiac disease, drugs, etc causes what type of anemia
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Folic Acid Deficiency
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what is the most common infectious form of hemolytic anemia
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Malaria
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In the case of autoimmune hemolytic anemias, what type of hypersensitivity reaction generally occurs?
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Type II
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Which nutritional deficiencies are known to lead to a macrocytic anemia?
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Folic Acid & B12 deficiency
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Also called erythrocytosis
Increased number of red blood cells (RBC) |
Polycythemia
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Results from the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (**No External Stimuli Required)
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Primary Polycythemia
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Increase in red blood cell volume due to erythroid bone marrow hyperplasia can be caused by erythropoietin, prolonged hypoxia or renal carcinoma
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Secondary Polycythemia
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list the characteristics of polycythemia
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Blood tends to clot more readily
Often seen with hypertension Patients often have splenomegaly Sluggish blood flow |
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Selective lymphopenia is represented by Dz
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AIDS/HIV
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A 23 y/d M c/o sore throat, fever, chills, and neck pain for 6 days. posterior cervical lymphadinitis. you suspect Epstein-Barr virus
On a CBC, what might you expect to see? |
Lymphocytosis
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Thrombocytopenia is a decrease of circulating platelets to _________
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< 70,000 / mcl
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antibodies to platelets get them destroyed in the spleen
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
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SLE and CLL have been seen in association with what disorder
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Chronic ITP
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DIC can be caused by a massive release of endotoxins from what type of bacteria
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gram negative bacteria
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If a 45 y/o female patient is suffering from a snake bite. what illness should you consider
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DIC
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what are the four most common types Leukemias
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Acute lymphoblastic (ALL)
Acute myelogenous (AML) Chronic lymphocytic (CLL) Chronic myelogenous (CML) |
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what is the most common form of leukemia in children and the most common malignancy in children younger than 5 years.
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
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what are the lab findings and treatment for DIC
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- Prolonged PT, PTT, thrombocytopenia, and elevated fibrin degradation products
- Rx by giving heparin to prevent further clotting, then give coagulation factors |
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Most common form of acute leukemias in adults
Approximately 70-85% of all cases: Median age 65, also linked to environmental factors: radiation & benzene |
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
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what are the diagnostic requirements AML
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20% of myeloblasts in a bone marrow biopsy
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90% of these pts have the Philadelphia chromosome
Other 10% have a very poor prognosis |
CML
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which Leukemia is considered a disease of older adults (>50) and malignant disease involving lymphoid cells
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CLL
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which Leukemia does not respond to chemotherapy
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CLL
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Lymphoma are divided into what two categories and which is the worse to have
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Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
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45% - most common form of lymphoma in the US, older population, slow growing tumor, does not respond to cytotoxic drugs, and chemo only temporarily slows
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Follicular lymphoma
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most aggressive form of lymphoma
Completely involves the lymph node Complete remission induced by chemotherapy in 75%, and 50% may remain disease free for several years. CURE rate is low. |
iDffuse large-cell lymphoma
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common lymphoma in sub-Saharan Africa: EBV
Responds well to chemo, most will be cured |
Burkitt’s lymphoma
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What age groups does Hodgkin’s Lymphoma affect
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Affect all age groups, yet peaks at 25 & 55 years (bimodal)
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Diagnosis is dependent on identification of Reed-Sternberg cells
Bilobed or multilobed nucleus surrounded by a clear halo (“owls eye”) |
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
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A malignant disease of the plasma cells
Secretion of immunoglobulins are excreted by kidney, resulting in damage to the renal tubules |
Multiple Myeloma
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Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma is based on what?
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x-ray studies, serum electrophoresis data, and bone marrow biopsy
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what type of cells does Non-Hodgkins affect
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B-cell
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