Patho 2 Chap 8

Front 1

Most upper respiratory tract infections are ___________ in nature.

Back 1

virus

Front 2

Most common pathogen for Epiglottitis is

Back 2

Haemophilus influenzae B

Front 3

What conditions is described as Causing inspiratory stridor – “barking” or “brass cough”, marked by spasm of the vocal chords & Most common in children less than 3 y/o

Back 3

Croup

Front 4

Most common pathogen for Croup is

Back 4

parainfluenza

Front 5

Most common pathogen for Bacterial Pneumonia is

Back 5

- Streptococcus pneumoniae
AKA: Pneumococcal pneumonia
- accounts for over 60-80% of cases of bacterial pneumonia

Front 6

What is the differance b/w Lobar and Bronchopneumonia

Back 6

Lobar – involves an entire lobe

Bronchopneumonia – scattered foci in one or several lobes

Front 7

What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is typically a nosocomial or Hospital acquired pneumonia, One of the most difficult to treat & associated with ventilator support, burn victims, neutropenic

Back 7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 8

What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is actually a bacteria-like organism causing mild pneumonia, prolonged course, rarely fatal, spreads rapidly in barracks and dorms

Back 8

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 9

What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is seen more in alcoholics, found in the GI tract, leads to tissue necrosis and abscess formation & Currant-jelly sputum

Back 9

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Front 10

What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is uncommon but may coexist with viral pneumonias

Back 10

Staphylococcal

Front 11

What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen grows in moist, warm areas, no person to person spread, often fatal in elderly, debilitated, or immunocompromised

Back 11

Legionella pneumophilia

Front 12

A 24-y/o FM C/O fever, productive cough with foul smelling green sputum, and myalgia. On exam you suspicion of bacterial pneumonia. What is the MOST LIKELY pathogen

Back 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 13

Which is more common VIRAL pneumonias or Bacterial pneumonias?

Back 13

Bacterial pneumonias

Front 14

A 67-y/o M C/O a productive cough with yellowish sputum X 5 months. He denies any fever, chills, or night sweats. On exam you note pt appears to turn somewhat cyanotic in the face. What does this patient MOST LIKELY have?

Back 14

Chronic bronchitis

Front 15

AKA Pontiac fever

Back 15

Legionella pneumophilia

Front 16

what condition leads to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous glands, then metaplastic formation of mucin-secreting goblet cells

Back 16

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 17

Referred to as blue bloaters

Back 17

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 18

Most common complication of chronic bronchitis

Back 18

Bronchiectasis

Front 19

Most of the non-smoking patients with this Dz have a genetic deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin

Back 19

Emphysema

Front 20

COPD ranges from ____________to ___________, but most patients have both diseases & are classified by which one they exhibit most.

Back 20

Chronic Bronchitis to Emphysema

Front 21

Permanent dilation of a bronchial tube due to destruction of muscle and elastic fibers in the bronchial wall

Back 21

Bronchiectasis

Front 22

You are reading the case history of a long-term smoker who is suffering from destruction of the alveolar walls. You expect the diagnosis to be _____________________

Back 22

Emphysema

Front 23

If a 45 y/o female patient is suffering from asthma which you suspect is triggered by her cat, she is probably suffering from (instrinsic/extrinsic) asthma.

Back 23

instrinsic

Front 24

What type of asthma represents a type I hypersensitivity reaction, Seen in early life (usually before 10 y/o)

Back 24

Extrinsic

Front 25

A 42 y/o black female presents to you with a low-grade fever and fatigue. You order a CXR and see that she has pulmonary nodules. You suspect _______________and your next step is a _______________of the granuloma.

Back 25

- Sarcoidosis

- Diagnosis is confirmed with a biopsy of a granuloma

Front 26

X-rays show pulmonary nodules and hilar lymph node enlargement

Back 26

Sarcoidosis

Front 27

Which diseases is characterized by dyspnea, cough, and wheezing resulting from sensitivity to a specific allergen?

Back 27

Extrinsic asthma

Front 28

Diseases caused by inhalation of mineral dusts, fumes, and various other organic and inorganic particulate matter

Back 28

Pneumoconioses

Front 29

Also known as ‘Black Lung Disease’
The presence of repeated and overwhelming exposure to carbon particles

Back 29

Pneumoconioses:
Coal-Workers Lung Disease

Front 30

Caused by inhalation of small silica crystals, Characterized by fibronodular lesions in the lung parenchyma

Back 30

Pneumoconioses:
Silicosis

Front 31

Which Pneumoconioses has been clearly linked to cancer?

Back 31

Asbestosis

Front 32

Diffuse alveolar damage leading to respiratory failure that does not respond to oxygen therapy

Back 32

ARDS

Front 33

what are the most common causes of ARDS

Back 33

Shock
Pneumonia
Toxic lung injury
Aspiration of fluids

Front 34

Atelectasis is usually due to collapse of a lung due to what (4) things?

Back 34

Lack of expansion – post-op pts
Resorption - due to mucus plug/obstruction
Compression – Air/blood/fluid
Contraction – fibrotic changes

Front 35

caused by lack of surfactant in newborn causing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Back 35

Microatelectasis

Front 36

In the case of RDS, why is ventilation support typically ineffective

Back 36

Diffuse capillary damage in the alveoli results in fluid accumulation preventing capillary exchanges

Front 37

Laryngeal Carcinomas that develops directly on vocal chords 60% - 70% of cases

Back 37

Glottic tumors

Front 38

Leading cause of cancer deaths in the US, 90% of patients with lung cancer are smokers

Back 38

Lung Carcinomas

Front 39

95% of primary lung tumors arise from where

Back 39

the bronchial epithelium

Front 40

what are more common than PRIMARY lung tumors

Back 40

Metastases

Front 41

Your x-ray shows a tumor in the bronchi and central lung that is beginning to compress her superior vena cava, and tests revealed metasticis to the adrenal glands. The patient is coughing up bright red blood. You immediately want to rule out _____________carcinoma.

Back 41

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Front 42

Has the worst prognosis of all primary lung tumors, Often found due to symptoms related to metastases

Back 42

Small Cell (oat cell) Carcinoma

Front 43

Which lung cancers are more common than primary lung cancers

Back 43

Metastatic

Front 44

Which of the following primary lung cancers tends to originate from the peripheral regions of the lungs?

Back 44

Adenocarcinoma

Front 45

Air trapped in the pleural space accumulates leading to a

Back 45

Tension pneumothorax

Front 46

air within the pleura, outside of lung parenchyma

Back 46

Pneumothorax

Front 47

Accumulation of excess fluid between the pleura on the surface of the lung and the chest wall

Back 47

Pleural effusion

Front 48

what types of pleural effusion has watery tissue fluid due to increased hydrostatic pressure (CHF)

Back 48

Hydrothorax

Front 49

what types of pleural effusion has turbid effusion from infection
Also known as - ‘Pleural Empyema

Back 49

Pyothorax

Front 50

what types of pleural effusion has blood in the pleural space

Back 50

Hemothorax

Front 51

what types of pleural effusion has milky, lipid rich fluid from blocked lymphatics or trauma.

Back 51

Chylothorax

Front 52

A 21-year-old active duty male is running his 2-mile PT test when he feels a ‘pop’ in his chest. Moments later, he start to develop significant dyspnea and collapses. you suspect what?

Back 52

A spontaneous pneumothorax occurred resulting in a tension pneumothorax

Front 53

A 64-year-old male known to you as a severe alcoholic presents to your clinic complaining of fever, productive cough with a bloody-jelly-like sputum, and myalgia.you suspicion of bacterial pneumonia. What is the MOST LIKELY pathogen?

Back 53

Klebsiella pneumoniae