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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microtubule Dysfunction which is also associated w/ Albinism
- lysosomes of neutrophils cannot fuse with phagosomes |
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
AR Disorder Immunodeficiency of the myeloid lineage leads to recurrent infections with S. aureus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas |
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5 year old boy shows up to ER with respiratory infection. History reveals multiple infections with organisms in the genera Staphylococcus and Burkholderia.
Nitroblue Tetrazolium test is positive |
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- mutation in the gene encoding NADPH oxidase Infection primarily w/ Catalase positive organisms Nitroblue Tetrazolium = tests adequacy of oxidative respiratory burst |
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Episodes of Angioedema an Laryngeal Edema that may be life threatening might be due to Hereditary Angioedema
Deficiency? |
C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency
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Classic triad of ataxia, angiomas, and IgA deficiencies
Cerebellar degeneration Skin and conjuctiva telangiectasia |
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
11q22-23 deletion leads to T-Cell defecit |
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Infections with encapsulated bacteria
Atopic dermatitis - Eczema Thrombocytopenia purpura X-linked F-actin assembly defect in T cells and platelets Normal IgG Decreased IgM Increased IgA and IgE |
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
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Anti-Ro and Anti-La antibodies are characteristic positive findings for ...
Risk for developing? |
Sjogren's Syndrome
- risk for developing Lymphoma |
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AB's characteristic for Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
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Anti-Jo1 antibodies
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What cords of the brachial plexus is the Median nerve derived from?
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Medial and Lateral cords
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The posterior cord of the Brachial Plexus gives rise to the...
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Axillary and Radial nerves
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The Ulnar Nerve is derived from what cord of the Brachial Plexus?
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Medial Cord
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Elbow flexion is mediated by the Biceps brachii and Brachialis innervated by ____ from what cord of the Brachial Plexus
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Musculocutaneous Nerve derived from the Lateral cord
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Abduction of the fingers and adduction of the thumb
What nerve? |
Ulnar
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Hematogenous spread of TB to the spine, causing vertebral osteomyelitis is referred to as...
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Pott's Disease
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Budding yeast w/ pseudohyphae and germ tube formation at 37 degrees Celsius
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Candida albicans
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Is a thrombopoietic growth factor that stimulates the production of platelets by directly stimulating hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells
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IL-11 known as Oprevelkin
Useful in the tx of thrombocytopenia |
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Secreted as a primary chemotactic factor for neutrophils
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IL-8
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These proteins are part of the Classical pathway that are involved in ...
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C1,C2,C3,C4
Viral Neutralization |
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Are the major opsonization proteins
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C3b
IgG |
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Function primarily to attract neutrophils to the site of injury, thus they are known as inflammatory mediators. Each of the three complement pathways converge on the complement protein C5 which continues the cascade of proteins leading to the formation of the membrane attack complex
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C3a and C5a
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The membrane attack complex involves the combination of complement proteins which form "pores" in the cell membrane resulting in lysis of the cell. It is especially effective against gram-negative bacteria.
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C5b-C9
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What might a lymph node biopsy in a pt w/ Digeorge Syndrome reveal?
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Near complete absence of T-cells in the paracortex of the lymph node
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In HIV two viral envelope glycoproteins allow the virus to infect ____ that express what?
What are the proteins? |
gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins allow the virus to infect CD4+ T cells as well as macrophes, dendritic cells, and microglial cells that express the coreceptor CXCR4 or CCR5
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Pt presents w/ history of psoriasis and labs show he is HLA-B27 positive.
He complains of joint pain in his knee and ankle and dysuria. Ophtalmologic exam reveals anterior uveitis of the left eye. |
Reactive Arthritis
(Reiter Syndrome) Assoc. w/ Chlamydia, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia entercolitica, Salmonella sp., Shigella flexneri |
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Tumor secretes:
PTH like peptide leading to hypocalcemia Paraneoplatic Growth Hormone leading to acromegaly |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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High nucleus to cytoplasm ratio (very little cytoplasm) in Small Cell Carcinoma
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Kulchitsky Cells
FUCK Nick Costanza |
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Tumor secretes ADH and/or ACTH
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Small Cell Carcinoma
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Detects a drop in blood pressure and releases an enzyme which converts....
What Detects BP? What ezyme is secreted? What does it convert and where? |
Juxta-glomerular Apparatus
Renin converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin 1 in the liver |
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A high calcitonin level due to proliferation of the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid is ...
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Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
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Most common type of thyroid cancer
Associated w/ radiation exposure |
Papillary Carcinoma
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Involves neoplastic transformation of thyroid follicles
May become invasive and spread hematogenously |
Follicular Carcinoma
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Patient complains of polyuria, polydypsia, muscle weakness, and headaches and has Hypertension
K+ = 3.1 Na+ = 149 Aldosterone/Renin > 20 |
Conn's Syndrome = benign adenoma in the Zona Glomerulosa
Primary Hyperaldosteronism |
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Pt presents with 6-month hx of fatigue / weakness, anorexia, nausea, ten lb weight loss.
Hypotension and his skin appears tan despite it being winter. Lab: low Na, high K, low glucose |
Addison's Disease
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Pigmentation due to elevated ACTH levels Most common cause is autoimmune destruction |
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Anterior Pituitary Hormones - A)
Posterior Pituitary Hormones - B) |
A) GH / TSH / ACTH / LH,FSH / Prolactin
B) ADH / Oxytocin |
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Small Cell Carcinoma secretes A)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma secretes B) |
A) ADH and ACTH
B) PTH like peptide (not PTH) |
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Carcinoid syndrome is associated with what deficiency?
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Niacin deficiency
Tryptophan is the precursor for both serotonin and niacin |
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Neuroblastoma vs Pheochromocytoma
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Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of the adrenal medulla mostly occuring in children under 5 and presents as a palpable abdominal mass
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that are 90% benign Both produce increased urine VMA and metanephrines |
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manifests as amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsuitism, and often diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance. This clinical presentation is due to high levels of LH, low FSH, high testosterone, and high estrogen levels.
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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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Acute Renal Failure secondary to Rhabdomyolysis is a complication of this genetically predisposed condition
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Malignant Hyperthermia
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Clinically similar to IgA nephropathy - presents w/ asymptomatic microscopic hematuria
Mutations in type IV collagen X-linked inheritance Pts usually have sensorineural hearing loss and/or lens abnormalities Renal Biopsy: fragmentation of the basement membrane in a "basket weave" pattern |
Alport's Syndrome
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C5b-C9 (Membrane Attack Complex)
What?..its a good card answer the fuckin question |
Cell Lysis
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Degranulation of mast cells and basophils
Complement Pathway |
C3a
C4a C5a |
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Opsonization of particulate antigens
Complement Pathway |
C3b
C4b iC3b |
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Chemotaxis of leukocytes (mainly PMN's)
Complement Pathway |
C5a
C3a C5b67 |
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Viral Neutralization
Complement Pathway |
C3b
C5b-C9 |
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CD4+ lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and functions in cytokine production.
Regulate function of CTL's, B-Cells, NK cells, and macrophages Activated by antigen in the context of ____? |
Helper T-cells
Activated by antigen in the context of MHC class II molecules |
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IL-12 induces their differentiation
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T-Helper I from T-Helper 0
Function to secrete IFN-y (activates macrophages) and IL-2 (activates CTL's and propogates response) |
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IL-4 induces their differentiation
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T-Helper II
Function to activate B-cells to plasma cells with IL-4 and IL-5 |
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Large granular lymphocyte that has no markers in common w/ B or T cells and is not MHC restricted
Act to lyse virally infected cells and tumor cells w/ decreased levels of MHC class I |
Natural Killer Cell
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Calcinosis
Raynaud's Syndrome Esophogeal Dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia |
CREST Syndrome
Anti-Centromere AB's |
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X-linked F-actin assembly defect in T-cells and platelets
normal IgG decreased Igm increased IgA and IgE |
Wiskot-Adrich Syndrome
Thrombocytopenia purpura Infections (encapsulated bacteria) Eczema |
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Recurrent URTI w/ Staph and Strep
Neuropathic Dysfunction Albinism |
Chediak-Higashi
microtubule dysfunction ability of phagocytosis decreases |
