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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Increases the absorption of H2O and Na in kidneys (more water)
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General action of ADH (anti diuretic hormone)
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Can go into circulation and increase b.p.
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Water and Na
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Common early symptom of target organ damage in long term hypertension
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Heart failure, nocturia
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Where are the effects of hypertension on the heart largely manifested ?
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Left ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement)
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What helps reduce water retension and decrease vascular volume in individuals with hypertension?
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Limiting the amount of salt.
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Decreases conversion A1 to A2
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ACE inhibitors
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What is pregnancy induced hypertension related to?
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Toxic mediators.
From impaired placenta perfusion |
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Explain isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly.
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aorta gets increasingly rigid
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What causes prinzmental's angina?
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coronary vessel spasm
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Why does anginal pain not develop in a # of people w/ advanced coronary atherosclerosis?
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pain tolerance, sedentary lifestyle, adequate collateral circulation
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What medication is frequently used to reduce the risk of coronary thrombosis in the absence of angina?
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antiplatlets(plavix)
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What is the cause for the high frequency myocardial infarcation from 6am to noon?
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catecholamine sensitivity of coronary vessels higher - vasoconstricting action
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What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarcation?
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Crushing chest pain, feeling of nausea, and indigestion
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This particular enzyme test is the first to increase in myocardial infarcation
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myoglobin
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Most common complication of early myocardial infarcation
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Dysrhythmias
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Most common initial manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathies are related to?
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Heart failure
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Describe the cardiac conduction system?
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Specialized myocardial cells. Can create and conduct impulses.
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What happens during the T wave of the cardiac cycle?
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Ventricular repolarization
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inability to meet the needs of the body demand for blood
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congestive heart failure
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Pacemaker of the heart
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SA node
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Generates impulses faster than other cardiac cells
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SA node
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Compensatory mechanisms that come into play if heart failure occurs
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Hypertrophy, sympathetic stimulation, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
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Modren explanation of the mechanism of cardiac cell contraction
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A cross bridge that is formed b/t myosin and actin
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What represents the ventricular depolarization on the ECG?
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QRS wave
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What speed does ECG run at?
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paper speed of 25 mm/s
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One small block of ECG paper translate into how many seconds
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.04seconds
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How many small blocks make up one large block?
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5
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1 large block on ECG translates into
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.20seconds
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