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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the DAT and what does it test for?
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Direct antiglobulin test
Used to detect surface-bound antibody and/or complement on RBCs from auto or alloantibodies |
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How is the DAT performed?
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Patient RBCs mixed with antihuman globulin so if RBC-bound immunoglobulin or complement is present visible agglutination observed
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When is DAT used?
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Diagnosis of autoimmune and some drug-induced hemolytic anemias
Evaluation of hemolytic transfusion reactions Diagnosis of hemolytic disease of the newborn |
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How is the IAT performed?
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Tests for circulating antibody to RBC-specific antigen by mixing patient serum with test RBCs with a known phenotype
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What is IAT and what does it test for?
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Indirect antiglobulin test
Detects circulating autoantibody or alloantibody to RBC-specific antigens due to previous exposure to foreign antigens, natural alloantibodies, or development of autoantibodies |
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What are some used of IAT?
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Detection of incomplete antibodies in serum to potential donor RBCs or to screening cells
Determination of RBC phenotype using known antisera Titration of alloantibody |
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What are some diseases that are associated with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
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Hematologic/Lymphoid neoplasms
Autoimmune (collagen vascular) diseases Infectious diseases Immunodeficiency diseases GI diseases Benign tumors Pregnancy |
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What may the presentation of WAIHA include?
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Sudden onset
Hemoglobinuria Profound acute anemia Shock due to primarily intravascular hemolytic process |
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The pathologic autoantibody involved in WAIHA is usually what?
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IgG
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What are some situations with cold reactive autoantibodies?
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Cold agglutinin disease (idiopathic cold AIHA)
Secondary cold AIHA Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria |
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What are the signs and symptoms of cold agglutinin disease?
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Acrocyanosis of fingers, toes, ears, nose
Hemoglobinuria Weakness, pallor, weight loss Raynaud's Hepatosplenomegaly infrequently |
