Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pyelonephritis Acute: Affects _______ of kidney
|
cortex
|
|
Pyelonephritis Acute: Spares ____________
|
glomeruli/vessels
|
|
Pyelonephritis Acute: _______ _______ in urine are pathognomonic
|
WBC casts
|
|
Distinctive giant cell in blood; binucleate or bilobed with 2 halves as mirror images ("owl's eyes"); name and disease association
|
Reed-Sternberg cells, necessary but not sufficient for dx of Hodgkin's disease. Variants include lacunar cells in nodular sclerosis variant.
|
|
How many types of Hodgkin's disease?
|
4 - see also p. 241
|
|
Only variant of Hodgkin's seen more in women than men
|
nodular sclerosis
|
|
prognosis of nodular sclerosis variant of Hodgkin's
|
excellent
|
|
firm supraclavicular lymph node, often on left side, easily palpable (ie, by medical students), also known as "jugular gland" - name and association
|
Virchow's node - presumptive evidence of malignant visceral neoplasm (classically stomach)
|
|
most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia
|
iron deficiency
|
|
ferritin levels in microcytic hypochromic anemia
|
low
|
|
serum iron-binding capacity in microcytic hypochromic anemia
|
elevated
|
|
lead poisoning gives what appearance on peripheral smear
|
microcytic hypochromic
|
|
causes of megaloblastic anemia
|
folate or B12 deficiency
|
|
5-7 lobes (hypersegmented) PMNs in
|
megaloblastic anemia
|
|
large RBCs (MCV >100) in
|
megaloblastic anemia
|
|
do you give folate to pt. deficient in B12?
|
Never
|
|
autoimmune disease that causes B12 deficiency; what does it deplete?
|
pernicious anemia, depletes intrinsic factor
|
|
where is B12 absorbed in gut?
|
terminal ileum, with intrinsic factor from stomach
|
|
Target cells mnemonic
|
HALT (Hemoglobin C disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia)
|
|
Hemoglobin SS in what disease?
|
sickle cell anemia
|
|
molecular change B-globin GLU->VAL at #6
|
HbS
|
|
8% of US african-americans carry what Hb
|
HbS
|
|
conditions in which HbSS cells sickle
|
hypoxia, dehydration, increased blood viscosity
|
|
vaso-occlusive crises with chest pain in young african-americanl; consider
|
sickle cell anemia
|
|
aplastic crises in sickle cell anemia associated with which virus
|
B19 virus
|
|
manifestation of sickle cell anemia in spleen
|
splenic sequestration crisis
|
|
increased risk of CVA in sickle cell anemia?
|
yes
|
|
AST or ALT used for MI?
|
AST only
|
|
AST or ALT more elevated in viral hepatitis
|
ALT>AST in viral hepatitis ("virALT")
|
|
AST or ALT more elevated in alcholic hepatitis
|
AST>ALT in alcoholic hepatitis ("ToAST")
|
|
Amylase elevation
|
acute pancreatitis, mumps
|
|
Low ceruloplasmin
|
Wilson's disease
|
|
Creatine phosphokinase elevated in
|
muscle disorders (Duchenne's muscular dystrophy), and MI
|
|
subtype of CPK elevated in MI
|
CPK-MB
|
|
GGT stands for and elevated in
|
gamma glutamyl transferase, various liver diseases
|
|
Lipase elevated in
|
acute pancreatitis
|
|
Alkaline phosphatase elevated in
|
Bone disease (Paget's disease of bone), obstructive liver disease (hepatocellular carcinoma)
|
|
Vimentin stains what
|
connective tissue
|
|
Desmin stains what
|
muscle
|
|
Cytokeratin stains what
|
epithelial cells
|
|
Glial fibrillary acid proteins (GFAP) stains what
|
neuroglia
|
|
Neurofilament stains what
|
neurons
|