Path Spring Most Common

Front 1

Most common in men b/w 40-60yrs of age w/ hx of HPN

Back 1

Proximal Aortic Dissection

Front 2

Most common cause of death w/ aortic dissection

Back 2

Rupture of dissection outward into any of 3 body cavities (Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal)

Front 3

2 most common mechanisms of Vasculitides

Back 3

1. Immune-mediated inflammation, 2. Direct invasion of vascular walls by infectious pathogens

Front 4

Most common target antigen for Cytoplasmic localization of staining (c-ANCA)

Back 4

PR-3 = Proteinase 3

Front 5

Most common vasculitis

Back 5

Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis

Front 6

Temporal Arteritis is most common in?

Back 6

Older individuals

Front 7

Most common manifestations in Polyarteritis Nodosa

Back 7

Malaise, Fever of unknown cause, weight loss, HPN, abdominal pain, melena (bloody stool), peripheral neuritis

Front 8

Most common etiologic agents of Lymphangitis and Lymphedema

Back 8

Group A β-hemolytic streptococci

Front 9

Hemangioma is most common in??

Back 9

Skin, subcutaneous tissues, mucous membranes of oral cavities and lips

Front 10

Most common form of ectasia

Back 10

Vascular ectasias – Nervus Flammeus

Front 11

Most common causes of L-sided cardiac failure

Back 11

1. Systemic HPN 2. Mitral/aortic valve disease 3. Ischemic heart disease 4. Primary diseases of myocardium

Front 12

Most common manifestation of L-sided cardiac failure

Back 12

Dyspnea

Front 13

Most common cause of R-sided heart failure

Back 13

L ventricular failure w/ associated pulmonary congestion and elevation in pulmonary arterial P

Front 14

Most common cause of ischemic heart disease

Back 14

Narrowing of lumina of coronary arteries by atherosclerosis

Front 15

Most common cause of death in economically developed countries

Back 15

Ischemic Heart disease

Front 16

Most common cause of death in industrialized nations

Back 16

Acute MI (“heart attack”)

Front 17

External rupture of infarct occurs most commonly?

Back 17

Between 4-7days

Front 18

Most common compliaction in anterioapical region of heart

Back 18

Ventricular Aneurysms

Front 19

Most common cause of sudden cardiac death

Back 19

Ischemic heart diseae  ventricular fibrillation

Front 20

Most common arrhythmia

Back 20

Atrial Fibrillation (AF or A-fib) – involves both atria

Front 21

Most common cause of isolated mitral regurgitation

Back 21

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Front 22

1 of Most common cardiac disorders

Back 22

Mitral valve prolapsed

Front 23

Most common sites of Infective Endocarditis infection

Back 23

Aortic and mitral valves

Front 24

Most common viral cause of Myocarditis

Back 24

Cox A and B and other enteroviruses

Front 25

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

Back 25

Alcohol abuse

Front 26

4th most common cancer cause of death in US

Back 26

Pancreatic Carcinoma (lung > colon > breast)

Front 27

3 most common cause s of death from Macrovascular disease (complication of diabetes)

Back 27

1. Myocardial infarction 2. Renal vascular insufficiency 3. Cerebrovascular events (stroke)

Front 28

Most common tumor type of Islet cell tumors

Back 28

Insulinomas

Front 29

Most common pancreatic endocrine tumor

Back 29

Insulinomas

Front 30

Most common cause of Resorption Atelectasis

Back 30

Obstruction of bronchus by mucous or mucopurulent plug

Front 31

Most common type of Extrinsic Asthma

Back 31

Atopic Asthma

Front 32

Most common type of Emphysema

Back 32

Centriacinar type

Front 33

Most common Chronic bronchitis

Back 33

Simple

Front 34

Most common cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Back 34

ALI (acute lung injury)and ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Front 35

Most common subtype of chronic restrictive lung diseases

Back 35

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Front 36

Most common preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients

Back 36

Embolization of venous and R-sided cardiac thrombi to lungs

Front 37

Most common afflictions of humans – common cold

Back 37

Lesions of URT (upper respiratory tract) acute infections

Front 38

Most common pathogens of URT acute infections

Back 38

Rhinoviruses

Front 39

Most common form of pharyngitis

Back 39

Mild

Front 40

In kids – most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis

Back 40

Parainfluenza

Front 41

Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia

Back 41

Streptococcus penumoniae (penumococcus)

Front 42

Most common cause of atypical pneumonias

Back 42

Mycoplasma pneumonias (Eaton agent)

Front 43

Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in kids <1 in US

Back 43

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Front 44

Most common isolates of Nosocomial Pneumonias

Back 44

Gram (-) negative rods (Klebsiella penumoniae and Pseudomonas) and S. aureus

Front 45

Most common localized clinical disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria

Back 45

Chronic pulmonary disease in immunocompetent ppl

Front 46

Most common pattern of candidiasis

Back 46

Superficial infection of mucosal surfaces of oral cavity (thrush)

Front 47

Most common fungal endocarditis

Back 47

Candida endocarditis

Front 48

Most common opportunisitic viral pathogen in AIDS

Back 48

CMV (cytomegalovirus)

Front 49

Most common form of opportunistic CMV disease

Back 49

Retina (retinitis)

Front 50

Most common benign lesion

Back 50

Hamartoma

Front 51

Most common primary lung tumor in recent years

Back 51

Adenocarcinoma (replaced squamous cell carcinoma)

Front 52

Most common primary tumors arising in women, lifetime nonsmokers, and <45years

Back 52

Adenocarcinoma

Front 53

Most common pattern of Mesotheleomas

Back 53

Epithelial

Front 54

Most common nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Back 54

Undifferentiated carcinoma

Front 55

Most common presenting feature in Laryngeal tumors

Back 55

Hoarseness in voice

Front 56

Most common malignant tumors

Back 56

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (adenocarcinomas and SCC features)

Front 57

Contributes to more mortality and serous morbidity in western world than any other disorder

Back 57

ATH (Atherosclerosis)

Front 58

Mesotheleomas are most likely to be confused w/

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Pulmonary ADenocarcinoma

Front 59

Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal carcinoma most closely linked to

Back 59

EBV – infects B lymphocytes

Front 60

Vocal cord nodules are most often located on

Back 60

True vocal cords

Front 61

Carcinoma of Larynx

Back 61

Most common in >40years and in M:F (7:1)

Front 62

Most common cause of hepatic failure

Back 62

Chronic liver disease

Front 63

Cirrhossi is most common cause in which portal HPN

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Intrahepatic

Front 64

Most common genetic variation in Hemochromatosis

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Mutation of HFE gene

Front 65

1 of most common inborn errors of metabolism

Back 65

Hereditary hemochromatosis

Front 66

Most common AAT (a1-Antitrypsin deficiency) allele

Back 66

PiM

Front 67

Most common hepatic neoplasms are benign or metastatic?

Back 67

Metastatic

Front 68

Most common benign lesion of liver

Back 68

Cavernous hemangioma

Front 69

2 most important determinants of endothelial alterations

Back 69

1. Hemodynamic disturbances that accompany normal circulatory fxn 2. Adverse effects of hypercholesterolemia

Front 70

1 of the most important risk factors in – Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents

Back 70

Hypertension

Front 71

Most important causes of aortic aneurysms

Back 71

ATH & Cystic medial degeneration of arterial media

Front 72

Most important clinical predispositions of thrombophlebitis and Phlebothrombosis

Back 72

Cardiac failure, neoplasia, pregnancy, obesity, postop state, prolonged bed rest

Front 73

Most important event in Nonobstructive atelectasis (microatelectasis)

Back 73

Loss of surfactant

Front 74

Most important causative factor in Chronic Bronchitis

Back 74

Smoking

Front 75

Plays major role in etiology of Kaposi Sarcoma Tumors in AIDS patients

Back 75

HPV type 8

Front 76

Major obstructive disorders (excluding tumors or foreign body inhalation)

Back 76

Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiolitis

Front 77

Major function of AAT

Back 77

Protects tissues against enzyme neutrophil elastase (protects lungs)

Front 78

Major organ responsible for removing pneumococcus from blood

Back 78

Spleen

Front 79

4 Major histologic types of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Back 79

1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Adenocarcinoma (also bronchioalveolar) 3. Large cell carcinoma 4. Small cell lung carcinoma

Front 80

3 Major risk factors of Hepatocellular carcinoma

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1. HBV or HCV infection 2. Cirrhosis (alcohol-related usually) 3. Exposure to hepatocarcinogens in food

Front 81

90% of cases of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis found in ?

Back 81

Deep leg veins

Front 82

Major risk factor for ATH

Back 82

Hyperlipidemia (specifically hypercholesterolemia)

Front 83

Major risk factor for ATH at all ages

Back 83

Hypertension

Front 84

Arterial Spiders (Vascular Ectasias) Most frequent in ?

Back 84

Pregnant women, patients w/ cirrhosis

Front 85

Most frequent disease causing fungus

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Candida ablicans

Front 86

Most frequent and important patters of ATH

Back 86

Arteriolosclerosis

Front 87

Arteriolosclerosis most often associated w/

Back 87

HPN and diabetes

Front 88

Symptomatic atherosclerotic disease most often involves arteries supplying?

Back 88

Heart, Brain, Kidneys, lower extremities

Front 89

Congestive Heart failure of R-side most often caused by?

Back 89

L-sided heart failure

Front 90

Aschoff Bodies are most often found in?

Back 90

Myocardium (from Rheumatic fever)

Front 91

Cardiac tumors are usually metastatic and most often involve?

Back 91

The pericardium

Front 92

Most often occurs secondary to ductal obstruction resulting from stone formation (sialolithiasis)

Back 92

Bacterial Sialadenitis

Front 93

Dominant cause of Sialadenitis

Back 93

Paramyxovirus

Front 94

Dominant cause of chronic sialadenitis

Back 94

Autoimmune sialadenitis (bilateral)

Front 95

Dominant tumor arising in Parotids

Back 95

Pleomorphic adenoma (benign)

Front 96

2 dominant types of malignancies of parotid glands

Back 96

Malignant mixed tumors & Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Front 97

Aschoff bodies

Back 97

In heart muscle fibers in rheumatic myocarditis

Front 98

Asteroid bodies

Back 98

Inclusion in giants cells in Sarcoidosis

Front 99

Auer bodies

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In numerous cells in leukemia

Front 100

Barr bodies

Back 100

Sex chromatin

Front 101

Councilman bodies

Back 101

Hyaline degeneration in liver cells in yellow fever

Front 102

Dohle bodies

Back 102

In PMNs in scarlet fever

Front 103

Donovan bodies

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Donovania granulomatis the organism of granuloma inguinale

Front 104

Guarnieri bodies

Back 104

Inclusions in cells affected by smallpox and vaccine

Front 105

Heinz bodies

Back 105

Hemoglobin precipitates in G6PD Deficiency

Front 106

Howell-Jolly bodies

Back 106

In RBCs in anemias, leukemias, after splenectomy

Front 107

Lipschutz bodies

Back 107

Intranuclear inclusions in epithelial and nerve cells in HSV infections

Front 108

Lewy bodies bodies

Back 108

In CNS histology of Parkinson’s disease

Front 109

Mallory bodies

Back 109

In lymph spaces and epithelial cells of skin in scarlet fever

Front 110

Negri bodies

Back 110

In nerve cells in rabies

Front 111

Psammoma bodies

Back 111

Concentric, calcified spherules in benign and malignant tumors (thyroid) and chronic inflammation

Front 112

Renaut bodies

Back 112

Pale granules in degenerating nerve fibers in MD

Front 113

Russell bodies

Back 113

Globular, eosinophilic plasma cell inclusions representing condensed immunoglobulin secretions

Front 114

Schaumann bodies

Back 114

Red or brown nodular shell-like lesions of sarcoidosis

Front 115

Verocay bodies

Back 115

Associated with the palisading cells in the histologic findings in schwanomas (neurolemomas)