Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is canine cutaneous histiocytoma?
|
commonly occurring spontaneously regression round cell tumors seen in purebred dogs at 3 years of age and younger
not transmissible |
|
|
Where are the locations of cutaneous histiocytomas?
|
head, ears and extremities
|
|
|
What are the gross and histological appearances of histiocytomas?
|
gross: appear red, nodular (solitary) occasionally ulcerative causing secondary bacterial infections (difficult to distinguish grossly)
Histo: granular chomatin and numerous mitotic figures |
|
|
What breed is prediposed to Histiocytoma?
|
Boxers
however Shar peis have a predilection for multiple lesions |
|
|
What are histiocytoma known for?
|
spontaneous regression
mechanism poorly understood but maybe due to cell mediated reaction |
|
|
What are histiocytomas formed by
|
specialied laugerhan cells
specialized dendritic cells that presents antigens from the epidermis to inflammatory cells |
|
|
What are the treatment options for histiocytomas?
|
wait it out - will most likely regress on its own
surgical removal |
|
|
What is cutaneous lymphoma?
|
rare hematopoietic neoplasm but when it is seen it is most common in equine
|
|
|
What does cutaneous lymphoma look like on histo?
|
infiltrative neoplasm with indistinct borders
eosinophilic cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei with finely stippled chromatin and variable nucleoli |
|
|
What are the characteristics of cutaneous lymphoma?
|
no age, breed, sex predilection
cutaneous form are T cell rich B cell lymphomas where mitotic figures are important |
|
|
What is the prognosis of cutaneous lymphoma?
|
poor
equine live about 18-48 months after diagnosis |
|
|
How is cutaneous lymphoma diagnosed?
|
fine needle aspirate of lesion
|
|
|
What are the two types of cutaneous lymphoma?
|
epitheliotropic (histiocytic) lymphoma
T cell cutaneous lymphoma |
|
|
What is the treatment for cutaneous lymphoma?
|
treatment not well documented but radiation is the treatment of choice
can also try chemo with or without excision, surgical excision or do nothing |
|
|
What are mast cell tumors?
|
tumors or granulation cell that affect dog between the ages of 7-9
cell release histamine in response to allergic reaction and inflammation |
|
|
Where are mast cells tumors located?
|
mostly on the trunk
extremities head |
|
|
What is the etiological agent of mast cell tumors?
|
mutation in c-KIT, virus, chronic inflammation, immunocompromised
|
|
|
How are mast cells diagnosed?
|
fine needle aspiration which is 96% diagnostic
can be determined after incision or excision biopsy of the tumor |
|
|
How are Mast cell tumors categorized?
|
based on differentiation, invasive, cellularity, morphology and mitotic index
|
|
|
What markers do we see with mast cell tumors?
|
AgNORs
Ki67 IMUD |
|
|
What are the signs of mast cells?
|
ulceration,erythemia, pruritus and localized edema
|
|
|
What is the prognosis of mast cell tumors?
|
poor if seen on the nail bed, oral cavity and muzzle
can be seen in inguinal region, prepeutial and perineal areas |
|
|
What are plasmacytomas?
|
solitary masses that when the are malignant originate from differentiated B lymphocytes
common in older, male animals especially yorkshire terriers |
|
|
Where do you find extramedullary plasmacytomas?
|
skin of the head and digits
lips, ears, chin and digits can progress to multiple myeloma - systemic with bone marrow involvement |
|
|
How can you treat EMP?
|
benign tumors can just be excised
treat with radiation, chemo, prednisone, and doxorubicin if surgical route does not work |
|
|
How can you diagnose EMP?
|
with IHC looking for CD79
|
|
|
What are anaplastic soft tissue sarcomas?
|
neoplasm that usually cause giant masses that are ulcerated and have multiple areas of necrosis
see plepmorphic and mitotoc figures on histo along with multinucleated giant cells |
|
|
What are the treatment options for anaplastic soft tissue sarcomas?
|
surgical excision with margins of normal tissue
irradation therapy Chemo amputation in aggressive tumors |
|
|
How are soft tissue sarcomas categorized?
|
By grading
looking at differentiation, mitotic figures and necrosis to add to grade if 3 or less = grade 1 4-5 = grade 2 greater than 6 = grade 3 |
|
|
What are histocytic sarcomas?
|
cells that originate from interstitial dendritic cells for antigen presenting
highly agressive and seen in bernese mountain dogs |
|
|
What are the 2 forms of histiocytic sarcomas?
|
local
disseminated |
|
|
How are histiocytic sarcomas diagosed?
|
by IHC
CD11C and MHC class II |
|
|
Where can histiocytic sarcomas be found?
|
spleen, liver, bone marrow and lung
can show a false IMHA poor diagnosis |
|
|
What is osteosarcoma?
|
a tumor in older large breed male dogs that originate from osteoblastic cells
|
|
|
What are treatment options for osteosarcoma?
|
limb removal
limb sparing surgery chemo radiation |
|
|
Where are locations of osteosarcoma?
|
towards the knee
away from the elbow can be seen on the maxilla, mandible in metastasis can be seen in the lungs and brain |
|
|
What is the prognosis of osteosarcoma?
|
poor even with surgery animals don't live more than 18 months before reoccurrence and metastasis
|
|
|
What is malignant melanoma?
|
neoplastic cells containing melanin seeing 8-10 cells per high powered field
|
|
|
What are the common sites for malignant melanoma?
|
oral (90% are malignant)
lymphnodes lungs tonsils |
|
|
What is the breed predisposition of malignant melanoma?
|
goldens
cockers scottish terriers any old dog dogs with dark oral mucosa |
|
|
How are malignant melanomas characterized?
|
staging by size and metastasis
stage 1 has the best prognosis however size to animal proportion complicates staging |
|
|
What is the prognosis of oral melanoma?
|
poor
|
|
|
What are treatment options for malignant melanoma?
|
maxillectoma
mandibulectomy radiation immunotherapy - IL-2 Xenogenic DNA vaccine - i year survival |
