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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 general types of repair
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resolution: when injury caused minimal tissue damage
repair: when injury caused extensive tissue damage |
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what occurs in resolution?
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neutralize chemicals
restore blood Q remove dead tissue, edema NO RESIDUAL EVIDENCE |
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difference b/w lobar and bronchopneumonia (lobular)
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lobular: pneumonia scattered and at different stages; spread via coughing to diff regions
lobar: all tissue of one lobe affected and at same stage; spread via pores of kohn (b/w alveoli) |
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how does lobar pneumonia heal? what is the other type?
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crisis healing: ~ all at once (uncommon)
other: lysis healing |
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what occurs during repair?
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replace dead cells with NEW CELLS via regeneration or via CT
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regeneration in repair
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orderly proliferation of same type of cell
REPLACEMENT req stem cells |
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degrees of cell activity
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labile- fast turnover; unlimited (ex: skin, GI)
stable- can be stim to proliferate (ex: liver) permanent- ex: neurons, cardiac stem cells- asymmetric division |
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types of stem cells
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embryonic- pleuripotent
adult- restricted (except BM, maybe epidermal-hair bulb, cornea) |
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control of cell growth
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contact inhibition
GF: competence factors (req to induce DNA syn) and progression factors (induce DNA syn in competent cells) |
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epidermal GF
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epithelial cells, fibroblasts
share R with TGF-a |
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platelet-derived GF
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a competent factor
induces prolif in fibroblasts, sm m. monocytes |
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fibroblast GF
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affinity for heparin (anionic)
induces anfiogenesis prod by MPh |
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TGF-a
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~EGF
binds EGF receptor |
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IL-1, TNF
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induce fibroblast proliferation
stim collagen syn TNF angiogenic |
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VEGF
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induces angiogenesis (NEW bld vessel growth)
incr vascular permeability ONLY on endothelial cells |
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how does the liver regenerate after a lobe is removed?
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enlargement of lobes that remain (compensatory growth)
restitution of fxnal MASS rather than form NOT REGROWTH |
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what are 2 important cytokines and 2 important GF involved in liver regeneration?
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IL-6, *TNF (G0/G1 transition)
TGF, HGF |
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why is the BM important for repair?
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required as a structure upon which the epithelium can regenerate
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what makes up the ECM?
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structural proteins: collagens, elastins
adhesive glycoproteins: proteoglycans and GAGs: gag=hyaluroic acid |
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whats the difference in repair b/w necrotic and toxic damage?
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necrotic usually destroys BM; difficult to repair epithelium
toxic damage to BM can be prevented early and epithelium can be regenerated |
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BM components
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collagen 4
laminin proteoglycans |
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components of interstitial matrix
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collagen
elastin proteoglycan hyaluronan |
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3 types of adhesive glycoproteins
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fibronectin: conn integrins in cells to ECM
integrins: dimeric; transmbr; conn cytoskeleton to fibronectin laminin: most abundant; cross-shaped; bind mbr receptors to ECM |
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sequence of events in repair by CT
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*angiogenesis
migration/proliferation of fibroblasts deposit ECM remodel scar |
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angiogenesis: process
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degrade BM
endothelial cells migrate endothelial cells proliferate maturation *VEGF |
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2 types of blood vessel formation
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1. angiogenesis- from pre-existing vessels
2. from endothelial precursor cells of Bone marrow |
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2 types of wound healing
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primary union/1st intention: surgical incision, minimal damage
secondary union/2nd intention: more extensive loss of cells and tissue, intense inflamm, *contraction of wound, granulation tissue |
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what is wound dehiscence
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when a wound opens
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what factors prevent wound healing?
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glucocorticoids
infection foreign bodies low venous drainage low blood supply |
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what are complications of wound healing?
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cicatrization- scar contraction
keloid- XS scar pyogenic granuloma- exuberant granular tissue |
