+Path Fa

Front 1

organs that have red infarct

Back 1

- liver
- lungs
- intestine

Front 2

things that promote neutrophils

Back 2

"neutrophils love the feeling of CILK"
- C5a
- IL-8
- LTB4
- Kallikrein

Front 3

mediate granuloma formation

Back 3

IL-2 & IFNg

Front 4

vitamins that are anti-oxidants

Back 4

vit A, C, E

Front 5

hypovolemic/cardiogenic shock characteristics

Back 5

- LOW output failure
- ↑ TPR
- low CO
- cold, clammy

Front 6

septic shock characteristics

Back 6

- HIGH output failure
- ↓ TPR
- dilated arterioles, high mixed venous P
- hot

Front 7

protein of primary amyloidosis

Back 7

AL
(from Ig light chains; multiple myeloma)

Front 8

protein of secondary amyloidosis

Back 8

AA
(from SAA protein)

Front 9

protein of senile cardiac amyloidosis

Back 9

transthyretin
(from AF = old Fogies)

Front 10

protein of DM 2 amyloid

Back 10

amylin
(from AE = Endocrine)

Front 11

protein of medullary carcinoma amyloid

Back 11

A-CAL
(from CALcitonin)

Front 12

protein of Alzheimer's amyloid

Back 12

beta-amyloid
(from Amyloid Precursor Protein)

Front 13

protein of dialysis-assoc amyloid

Back 13

beta2-microglobulin
(from MHC I proteins)

Front 14

define desmoplasia

Back 14

fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm

Front 15

tumor grade vs. stage

Back 15

grade = histo
stage = TNM (usu more imp to px)

Front 16

neoplasm a/w down's

Back 16

ALL (& AML)

Front 17

neoplasm a/w xeroderma pigmentosum & albinism

Back 17

- melanoma
- basal cell CA
- esp SCC of skin

Front 18

neoplasm a/w chronic atrophic gastritis

Back 18

gastric adenoCA

Front 19

neoplasm a/w pernicious anemia

Back 19

gastric adenoCA

Front 20

neoplasm a/w postsurgical gastric remnants

Back 20

gastric adenoCA

Front 21

neoplasm a/w tuberous sclerosis
(facial angiofibroma, seizures, MR, ash-leaf spots)

Back 21

- astrocytoma
- angiomyolipoma
- cardiac rhabdomyoma (in 2/3rds)

Front 22

neoplasms a/w actinic keratosis

Back 22

SCC of skin
(tx w/5-FU)

Front 23

neoplasm a/w Barrett's esophagus (chronic GI reflux)

Back 23

esophageal adenocarcinoma

Front 24

neoplasm a/w Plummer-Vinson syndrome
(atrophic glossitis, esoph webs, anemia; all d/t iron def)

Back 24

SCC of esoph

Front 25

neoplasm a/w cirrhosis (alcoholic, hep B/C)

Back 25

hepatocellular carcinoma
(↑aFP)

Front 26

neoplasm a/w ulcerative colitis

Back 26

colonic adenoCA

Front 27

neoplasm a/w Paget's dz of bone

Back 27

- 2* osteosarcoma
- fibrosarcoma

Front 28

neoplasm a/w immunodeficiency states

Back 28

malignant lymphomas

Front 29

neoplasm a/w AIDS

Back 29

- aggressive malig lymphomas (non-Hodgkin's)
- Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 30

neoplasm a/w autoimmune dzs (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis, MG)

Back 30

lymphoma

Front 31

neoplasm a/w acanthosis nigricans (hyperpig & epidermal thickening)

Back 31

visceral malignancy
(stomach, lung, breast, uterus)
(you see this in DM, but if >40 think about malig)

Front 32

neoplasm a/w dysplastic nevus

Back 32

malignant melanoma

Front 33

neoplasm a/w radiation exposure

Back 33

- sarcoma
- papillary thyroid cancer

Front 34

neoplasm a/w achalasia

Back 34

SCC of esoph

Front 35

neoplasm a/w Sjogren's syndrome

Back 35

B cell lymphoma

Front 36

neoplasm a/w ataxia telangectasia

Back 36

- lymphomas
- acute leukemias

Front 37

CML oncogene

Back 37

abl

Front 38

Burkitt's lymphoma oncogene

Back 38

c-myc

Front 39

oncogene of follicular & undifferentiated lymphomas (inhibits apoptosis)

Back 39

bcl-2

Front 40

oncogene of breast, ovarian, & gastric carcinomas

Back 40

erb-B2

Front 41

oncogene of colon carcinoma

Back 41

ras

Front 42

oncogene of lung tumor

Back 42

L-myc
(L for Lung)

Front 43

oncogene of neuroblastoma

Back 43

N-myc
(N for Neuroblastoma→ adrenal tumor→ has Homer Wright rosettes)

Front 44

oncogene of MEN 2A & 2B

Back 44

ret

Front 45

oncogene of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

Back 45

c-kit

Front 46

messed up Rb tumor suppressor

Back 46

- retinoblastoma
- osteosarcoma

Front 47

messed up BRCA1 tumor suppressor

Back 47

- breast cancer
- ovarian cancer

Front 48

messed up BRCA2 tumor suppressor

Back 48

breast cancer

Front 49

messed up p53 tumor suppressor

Back 49

- most cancers
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Front 50

messed up p16 tumor suppressor

Back 50

melanoma

Front 51

messed up APC tumor suppressor

Back 51

colorectal cancer (a/w FAP)

Front 52

messed up WT1 tumor suppressor

Back 52

Wilms' tumor

Front 53

messed up NF1 tumor suppressor

Back 53

NF type 1

Front 54

messed up NF2 tumor suppressor

Back 54

NF type 2

Front 55

messed up DPC tumor suppressor

Back 55

pancreatic cancer
(DPC = "Deleted in Panc Cancer")

Front 56

messed up DCC tumor suppressor

Back 56

colon cancer
(DCC = "Deleted in Colon Cancer")

Front 57

↑ PSA

Back 57

- prostate CA (screening)
- can be ↑ in BPH & prostatitis

Front 58

↑ prostatic acid phosphatase

Back 58

prostate CA

Front 59

↑ CEA

Back 59

- carcinoembryonic antigen
- very NONSPECIFIC
- in ~70% of colorectal & panc cancers
- also w/ gastric & breast CA's

Front 60

↑aFP

Back 60

- normally made by fetus
- hepatocellular CA (hep B & C)
- nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of testis (YOLK SAC)

Front 61

↑ b-hCG

Back 61

("HCG")
- Hydatidiform moles
- Choriocarcinomas
- Gestational trophoblastic tumors

Front 62

CA-125

Back 62

- ovarian
- malignant epithelial tumors
(or any peritoneal irritation??)

Front 63

S-100

Back 63

- melanoma
- neural tumors
- astrocytomas

Front 64

↑ alkaline phosphatase

Back 64

- mets to bone
- obstructive biliary dz
- Paget's of bone (excess bony turnover)

Front 65

Bombesin

Back 65

- neuroblastoma
- lung cancer
- gastric cancer

Front 66

TRAP

Back 66

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
→ in hairy cell leukemia (B-cell neoplasm)
("TRAP the HAIRY animal")

Front 67

CA-19-9

Back 67

pancreatic adenoCA

Front 68

cancer a/w HTLV-1

Back 68

adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Front 69

cancer a/w HBV/HCV

Back 69

hepatocellular carcinoma
(& HCV a/w papillary???)

Front 70

cancer a/w EBV

Back 70

- Burkitt's lymphoma
- nasopharyngeal CA
- Hodgkin's (jenkins add)
(& oral hairy leukoplakia)

Front 71

cancer a/w HPV

Back 71

- cervical CA (16, 18)
- penile/anal CA
- VIN & vulvar cancer

Front 72

cancer a/w HHV-8

Back 72

- Keposi's sarcoma
- body cavity fluid B-cell lymphoma

Front 73

organ affected by alfatoxins & cancer associated w/it

Back 73

liver (hepatocellular CA)

Front 74

organ affected by vinyl chloride & cancer associated w/it

Back 74

liver (angiosarcoma)

Front 75

organ affected by CCl4 & cancer a/w it

Back 75

liver (centrilobular necrosis, fatty change)

Front 76

organ affected by nitrosamines (smoked foods) & cancer a/w it

Back 76

- esophagus
- stomach
(& colon?)

Front 77

organ affected by cigarrette smoke & cancer a/w it

Back 77

- larynx (SCC)
- lung (SCC & small cell CA)
- kidney (RCC)
- bladder (transitional cell CA)

Front 78

organ affected by asbestos & cancer a/w it

Back 78

Lung
- bronchogenic CA
- mesothelioma

Front 79

organ affected by arsenic & cancer a/w it

Back 79

- skin (SCC)
- liver (angiosarcoma)

Front 80

organ affected by naphthalene (aniline) dyes & cancer a/w it

Back 80

bladder (transitional cell CA)

Front 81

organ affected by alkylating agents & cancer a/w it

Back 81

blood (leukemia)

Front 82

organ affected by radon & cancer a/w it

Back 82

lung cancer
(coal miner w/lung cancer)

Front 83

paraneoplastic effects of small cell lung CA

Back 83

- ACTH secr → Cushing's syndrome
- ADH secr → SIADH (hyponatremia, ↓ osm)
- hyperuricemia d/t excess nucleic acid turnover (i.e. cytotoxic therapy)→ gout, urate nephropathy

Front 84

paraneoplastic effects of SCC of lung

Back 84

- PTH-related peptide
- TGF-beta
- TNF
- IL-1

causes → HYPERcalcemia

Front 85

paraneoplastic effects of RCC

Back 85

- PTH-related peptide
- TGF-beta
- TNF
- IL-1

causes → HYPERcalcemia

Front 86

paraneoplastic effects of breast carcinoma

Back 86

- secr PTH-related peptide, TGF-beta, TNF, IL-1→ HYPERcalcemia
- secr EPO→ polychthemia

Front 87

paraneoplastic effects of hemangioblastoma

Back 87

secr EPO → polycythemia

Front 88

paraneoplastic effects of hepatocellular CA

Back 88

secr EPO→ polycythemia

Front 89

paraneoplastic effects of pheochromocytoma

Back 89

secr EPO→ polycythemia

(secrs a bunch of catecholamines)

Front 90

paraneoplastic effects of thymoma

Back 90

secr antibodies against presyn Ca2+ chans @NMJ → Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
(musc wkness that improves w/use...vs MG)

Front 91

paraneoplastic effects of leukemias & lymphomas

Back 91

hyperuricemia d/t excess nucleic acid turnover (i.e. cytotoxic therapy)→ gout, urate nephropathy

Front 92

cancers w/psammoma bodies

Back 92

PSaMMoma:
- Papillary CA
- Serous cystadenoCA (ovary)
- Meningioma
- Mesothelioma

(laminated, concentric, calcific spherules→ "rings on a tree")

Front 93

things that ↑ ESR

Back 93

- infections
- inflammation
- cancer
- pregnancy
- SLE

(seds fall FASTER)

Front 94

things that ↓ ESR

Back 94

- sickle cell (altered shape)
- polycythemia (too many)
- CHF (unknown)

(seds fall SLOWER)

Front 95

mets to liver

Back 95

"Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver"

Colon > Stomach > Panc > Breast > Lung

Front 96

mets to bone

Back 96

"P. T. Barnum Loves Kids"
- Prostate (MC) (prostate = blastic)
- Thyroid, Testes
- Breast (MC) (Breast = Both lytic & blastic)
- Lung (Lung = Lytic)
- Kidney

blastic breaks down

Front 97

cancer incidence in males

Back 97

1) prostate (32%)
2) lung (16%)
3) colon/rectum (12%)

Front 98

cancer incidence in females

Back 98

1) breast (32%)
2) lung (13%)
3) colon/rectum (13%)

Front 99

cancer mortality in males

Back 99

1) lung (33%)
2) prostate (13%)
3) colorectal
4) pancreatic cancer

Front 100

cancer mortality in females

Back 100

1) lung (23%)
2) breast (18%)
3) colorectal
4) uterine
5) ovarian

Front 101

most common causes of death in US

Back 101

1) heart disease
2) cancer
3) stroke
4) COPD