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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
neoplasia
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abnormal tissue mass with a loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls
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neaoplasm
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the tumor mass
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benign
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remains localized and not spreading to distant sites
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malignant
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tumors that adhere tightly to adjoining tissue by local invasion and usually are capalbe of metastasis
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metastasize
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the spread of neoplasm to a dsitant site where it will be lcoally invasive and also metastasize
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oncology
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the study diagnosis and treatment of tumors
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meningioma
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benign tumor the neinges
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adenoma
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benign tumors arising from glands or demonstrating glandular characteristics
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papilloma
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epitheliam neoplasms that have finger like projections ex. a wart
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polyp
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a tumor witha pedicle arising above a mucus membrane
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carcinoma
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malignant tumors of epithelial origin
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sarcoma
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malignant tumors of the mesenchyme
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lymphoma
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solid tumors arising from lymphoid tissue
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leukemia
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hematopoietic stem cells taht give rise the the WBC and RBC displace the bone marrow and often spill over into the lbood
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pleomorphic
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differentiated to completely undeikfferentiated
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anaplastic
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hallmakr of malignancy
usually arise from stem cells in tissue |
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angiogenesis
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blood vessel beginning
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vascular endothelial growht factor
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produced by a wide variety of normal tissue and also by many cancers
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growth fraction
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number of dividing cells divided by number of cells in the tissue
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polycyclic hydrocarbons
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three or more rings of hydrocarbons usually from smoking
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aromatic amines
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ring carbons with amino group usually in dyes
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nitrosamines
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interefere with dNA replication but are inhibited by vit C
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tumor suppressor genes
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recessive proteins that inhibit cell growth
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p53
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guardian angel of th egenome that turns on DNA repair genes and also apoptosis
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CdK
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cyclin dependent protein kinases enzymes that phosphorylate important cellular enzyems for mitosis
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oncogenes
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produce tumors
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proto oncogenes
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normal roteins that stimulate cell division like growth factors etc
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ras
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a G protein that relays a growth signal from a growth factor to a cascade of protein kinases
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polyposis coli
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a rare cause of colon polyps
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pheochromocytoma
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tumor of the adrenal medulla caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia
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retinoblastoma
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retinal tumor of childhood
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pack years
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number of packs per day times the number of years smoking
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tar
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particulate matter after subtracting nicortine and moisture
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CHEK2 gene
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cell cycle checkpoint kinase that activates BRCA1 and doubles the risk of breast cancer and men by 10fold
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intima
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endothelial cells of the blood vessels
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internal elastic lamina
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dense elastic membrane of the blood vessel
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media
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smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels
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vasa vasorum
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small blood vessels course through the walls of large an dmedium vessels to nourish them
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adventicia
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connective tisseu that holds the vessels in place and contains the nerves and vasa vvasorum
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elastic arteries
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largest arteries including the pulmonary a, aorta, common carotids, and common iliac
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muscular arteries
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medium sized arteries
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coronary artery disease
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atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
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atheroma
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intimal depostis of fat and fibrous tissue
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berry aneurysm
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cerebral vessel most common cause of non traumatic sub arachnoid hemorrhage
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AV fistula
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abnormal communications between an artery and vien
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mochkeberg medial calcific sclerosis
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type of ateriosclerosis
calcific depostis in peopel over 50 that don't usually crowd the lumen |
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atherosclerosis
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atheromas cause intimal deposits of fat and vibrous tissue that obstruct the lumen and weaken the media
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fatty streaks
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multiple yellow flat spots that contian foam cells and SM and macrophages filled with lipids
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ATH plaques
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made up of cells extracellular amterials and lipis found in atherosclerosis
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focal ulceration
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loss or damage to intimal covering
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thrombosis
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occlusion of vessel
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emboli
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platelets, chosterol, or clotted blood elements
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ppd
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packs per day
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hypertension
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140 or 90
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adrenal disease
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increased secretion of aldosterone or catecholamines and coritsol
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pheochromocytoma
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catecholamin increase
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cushings disease
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cortisol increase
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papilledema
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swelling of the optic nerve as in benign hypertensive vascualr disease
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cardiac output
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HR x stroke volume
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abdominal aortic aneurysms
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ATH
age greater than 50 males |
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syphilitic luetic aneurysms
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teritary syphilis affects the root of the aorta
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dissecting aneurysms
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blood dissects between the planes of the media and ruptures outward
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate an indirect measure of iflammatory proteins especially fibrinogen
used in diagnosing giant cell arteritis |
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angina pectoris
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intemrittent caused by transient MI of ischemic heart disease
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actue myocardial infarction
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form of ischemic heart disease that is associated with acut thrombosis
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congetstive heart failures
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failure of the hear to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic needs usually resulting in accumulation of interstitial fluid
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myocarditis
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infection ro inflammation of the heart muscle
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cardiomyopathy
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the heart mucle is abnormal and the heart is lften excessively enlarged and floppy
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cardiac tamponade
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the pericardial sac if filled with fluid or blood and prevents the heart chambers from filling udirng diastole
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congestion
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back up of blood
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EDV
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end diastolic volume
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systolic dysfunction
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progressive deterioration of myocardial contractile function
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diastolic dysfunction
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inability of the hear tot relax, expand, and sufficiently fill for adequate ventricular volume
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diminished cardiac output
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forward failure
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damming of blood in venous system
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backward failure
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apha blockers
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vasodilators
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vasodilators
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cause smooth muscle relaxationand cuase bp to decrease
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beta agonists
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cause vasodilation of the coronary arteries
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ionotropic agents
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alter myocardial contracitilitya nd thus stroek volume
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digitalis
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digoxin and digitoxin increase myocardial contractility
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