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80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
neoplasia
abnormal tissue mass with a loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls
neaoplasm
the tumor mass
benign
remains localized and not spreading to distant sites
malignant
tumors that adhere tightly to adjoining tissue by local invasion and usually are capalbe of metastasis
metastasize
the spread of neoplasm to a dsitant site where it will be lcoally invasive and also metastasize
oncology
the study diagnosis and treatment of tumors
meningioma
benign tumor the neinges
adenoma
benign tumors arising from glands or demonstrating glandular characteristics
papilloma
epitheliam neoplasms that have finger like projections ex. a wart
polyp
a tumor witha pedicle arising above a mucus membrane
carcinoma
malignant tumors of epithelial origin
sarcoma
malignant tumors of the mesenchyme
lymphoma
solid tumors arising from lymphoid tissue
leukemia
hematopoietic stem cells taht give rise the the WBC and RBC displace the bone marrow and often spill over into the lbood
pleomorphic
differentiated to completely undeikfferentiated
anaplastic
hallmakr of malignancy
usually arise from stem cells in tissue
angiogenesis
blood vessel beginning
vascular endothelial growht factor
produced by a wide variety of normal tissue and also by many cancers
growth fraction
number of dividing cells divided by number of cells in the tissue
polycyclic hydrocarbons
three or more rings of hydrocarbons usually from smoking
aromatic amines
ring carbons with amino group usually in dyes
nitrosamines
interefere with dNA replication but are inhibited by vit C
tumor suppressor genes
recessive proteins that inhibit cell growth
p53
guardian angel of th egenome that turns on DNA repair genes and also apoptosis
CdK
cyclin dependent protein kinases enzymes that phosphorylate important cellular enzyems for mitosis
oncogenes
produce tumors
proto oncogenes
normal roteins that stimulate cell division like growth factors etc
ras
a G protein that relays a growth signal from a growth factor to a cascade of protein kinases
polyposis coli
a rare cause of colon polyps
pheochromocytoma
tumor of the adrenal medulla caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia
retinoblastoma
retinal tumor of childhood
pack years
number of packs per day times the number of years smoking
tar
particulate matter after subtracting nicortine and moisture
CHEK2 gene
cell cycle checkpoint kinase that activates BRCA1 and doubles the risk of breast cancer and men by 10fold
intima
endothelial cells of the blood vessels
internal elastic lamina
dense elastic membrane of the blood vessel
media
smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels
vasa vasorum
small blood vessels course through the walls of large an dmedium vessels to nourish them
adventicia
connective tisseu that holds the vessels in place and contains the nerves and vasa vvasorum
elastic arteries
largest arteries including the pulmonary a, aorta, common carotids, and common iliac
muscular arteries
medium sized arteries
coronary artery disease
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
atheroma
intimal depostis of fat and fibrous tissue
berry aneurysm
cerebral vessel most common cause of non traumatic sub arachnoid hemorrhage
AV fistula
abnormal communications between an artery and vien
mochkeberg medial calcific sclerosis
type of ateriosclerosis
calcific depostis in peopel over 50 that don't usually crowd the lumen
atherosclerosis
atheromas cause intimal deposits of fat and vibrous tissue that obstruct the lumen and weaken the media
fatty streaks
multiple yellow flat spots that contian foam cells and SM and macrophages filled with lipids
ATH plaques
made up of cells extracellular amterials and lipis found in atherosclerosis
focal ulceration
loss or damage to intimal covering
thrombosis
occlusion of vessel
emboli
platelets, chosterol, or clotted blood elements
ppd
packs per day
hypertension
140 or 90
adrenal disease
increased secretion of aldosterone or catecholamines and coritsol
pheochromocytoma
catecholamin increase
cushings disease
cortisol increase
papilledema
swelling of the optic nerve as in benign hypertensive vascualr disease
cardiac output
HR x stroke volume
abdominal aortic aneurysms
ATH
age greater than 50
males
syphilitic luetic aneurysms
teritary syphilis affects the root of the aorta
dissecting aneurysms
blood dissects between the planes of the media and ruptures outward
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate an indirect measure of iflammatory proteins especially fibrinogen

used in diagnosing giant cell arteritis
angina pectoris
intemrittent caused by transient MI of ischemic heart disease
actue myocardial infarction
form of ischemic heart disease that is associated with acut thrombosis
congetstive heart failures
failure of the hear to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic needs usually resulting in accumulation of interstitial fluid
myocarditis
infection ro inflammation of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
the heart mucle is abnormal and the heart is lften excessively enlarged and floppy
cardiac tamponade
the pericardial sac if filled with fluid or blood and prevents the heart chambers from filling udirng diastole
congestion
back up of blood
EDV
end diastolic volume
systolic dysfunction
progressive deterioration of myocardial contractile function
diastolic dysfunction
inability of the hear tot relax, expand, and sufficiently fill for adequate ventricular volume
diminished cardiac output
forward failure
damming of blood in venous system
backward failure
apha blockers
vasodilators
vasodilators
cause smooth muscle relaxationand cuase bp to decrease
beta agonists
cause vasodilation of the coronary arteries
ionotropic agents
alter myocardial contracitilitya nd thus stroek volume
digitalis
digoxin and digitoxin increase myocardial contractility