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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what may be observed twenty mins after quitting
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blood pressure drops
decrease pulse rate increased body temp |
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what may be observed eight hours after quitting
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carbon monoxide drops to normal
oxygen increases to normal |
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what is observed forty eight horus after quitting
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nerve endings regrow
ability to smell and taste is enhanced |
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what happens two to three months
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circulation imporves
easier walking better lung functin |
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one to nine months
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coughing sinue congestion fatigue and shortness of breath decreases
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one year
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excess risk of coronary heart disease is decreased to haf that of a smoker
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at five years
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stroek risk is reduced
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ten years
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cancer drops to 1/2
risk of cancer of outh throat esophagus bladder idney and pancrease decreases |
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fifteen years
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coronary heart disease is now similar to that of people who have never smoked
risk of death returns to normal level |
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what are the effects of nicotine
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complex and unpredictable because affects many neuroeffector sites
PNS transienty stimulates and then persistant depression of autonomic ganglia CNS stimulated and weak analgesia cardiovascular causes release of catecholamines resulting in increased bp and hr |
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what is the most common malignancy in women
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breast cancer
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what is the incidence of breast cancer in women
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one in nine
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strongest association for an increased risk is breast cancer in a _____ relative
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first degree including mother sister daughter
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what are the five main risk factors
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hereditary
hormonal radiation fibrocystic disease previous breast cancer |
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what is included in hereditary factors
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first degree relative
BRCA1 BRCA2 p53 CHEK2 |
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why does BRCA1 matter
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mutation have 60 - 85% risk
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why does BRCA2 matter
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mutation hear have 20% risk
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what does the CHEK2 gene do
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cell cycle checkpoint kinase gene
activates BRCA2 and doubles the risk in women and by 10 fold in men |
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what are the increased risks as far as hormones
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early menarche, late menopause, older age at first pregancy, hormone replacement therapy
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what is the pathology of breast cancer
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adenocarcinomas form the glandular epithelium of the breast
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what is the full name for prostate cancer
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adenocarcinoma of the prostate
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is prostate cancer more or less frequent than lung cancer in men
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2.5 times more prevalent
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what are causes of increased risk
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1/10 familial in first relative
BLACKS and less in mexican and japanese dietary fat |
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how can you screen for prostate cancer
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digital rectal exam
PSA transrectal ultrasonogrphay |
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what is PSA
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protstate specific antigen but this is not cancer specific
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what is the TNM classification
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primary tumor
progreesively advancing lymph node invovlement distant metastases |
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what is the stage classification system
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I is small tumor
II is medium tumor III is large tumor or any N1 IV is any M or any undifferentiated |
