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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndromes
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inheritance of a single mutant gene greatly increases the risk of developing specific tumor
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what are two types of multiple endocrine neoplasia
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1 PPP parathyroid pancreatic islet and pituitary
2 PM pheochromocytoma |
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what happens in multiple endocrine neoplasia
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repair gene is inactivated
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what is the two hit hypothesis
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in retinoblastoma
Rb heterozygote no symptoms but may inactivate dominant one appears dominant when really is recessive |
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what are four antitumor mechanisms
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ICNA
immunosurveillance cytotoxic T lymphocytes natural killer lymphocytes activated macrophages |
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why do cyto t cells help
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sensitzed t cells protect against viral induce neoplasma
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why are NK cells helpful
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destroy wide variety fo tumor cells witout sensitization
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what is the most freq diagnosed and cause of cancer mortality
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lung cancer
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what is the pathogensis of lung cancer
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stepwise accumulation of genetic agnormliaties that trtansform normal bronchial epitelium into neoplastic tissue
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lung carcinomas arise most often int the ___ of the lung
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hilus
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what are the five types of lung cancer
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SSALP
squamous cell carcinoma small cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma large cell carcinoma paraneoplastic syndromes |
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what is the most common in men and smokers
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squamous cell carcinoma
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what leads to squamous cell carcinoma
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normal
metaphasia dysplasia carcinoma insitu invasive cancer |
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what is adenocarcinoma like
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looks liek abnormal glands
most common form in women an dnon smokers high incidence of p53 and RB mutations |
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what is the most common form in women and non smokers
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adenocarcinoma
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what kind is 99% smokers
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small cell carcinoma
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what are paraneoplastic syndromes
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ADH
ACTH parathyormone calcitonin gonadotropin serotonin bradykinin |
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what does nicotine do
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increases alertness
muscle relaxation |
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smoking is found to inactive ___ in 70% of lung cancers
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p53
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what are other risks of smoking
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cardiac risk factors
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how many known carcinogens
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43
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how many chemicals
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4000
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what are fetal risks
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spontaneous abortions or miscarriages
decreased birth weight intrauterine growth retardation increase in prematuirty |
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agents in smoke have a direct irritant effect...
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on tracheal and bronchial mucosa that eads to inflmmation and increased mucus production
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