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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is melatonin synthesized?
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Pineal Gland
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What stimulates the release of melatonin?
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Stimulation from sympathetic nerves from teh superior cervical ganglion
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What is the most common cuase of hypopituitarism?
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Non-functioning (Null) Pituitary Adenoma
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What syndrome are pituitary adnemoas associated with? What are the other components of this syndrome?
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MEN-1 : Pituitary Adenoma, Hyperparathyroidism, Pancreatic Tumor (Zollinger-Ellison or Insulinoma)
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What is the most common cuase of hypopituitarism in children?
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Craniopharyngioma - benign tumor derived from oral cavity
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What is Sheehan's Post-Partum Necrosis?
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Pituitary Infarction due to hypovolemic shock
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What is the clnical manifestation of Sheehan's PP Necrosis?
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Cessation of lactation
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What happens to the size of the pituitary gland in pregnancy?
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Doubles in size
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How can sickle cell anemia lead to hypopituitarism?
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Vascular occlusion with sickled cells
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What are the affects on child development in hypo-gonadotropinism?
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Males - less libido
Females - ammenorrhea, hot flashes Both - delayed puberty |
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What are the results of a GnRH test in hypo-pituitarism and hypothalamus disease?
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In hypo-pituitarism, GnRH will not lead to increases in FSH/LH at all
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What are the signs of decreased GH in children?
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Growth delay; Failure of fusion of epiphyses;
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What are signs of decreased GH in adults?
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Hypoglycemia, Decreased Gluconeogenesis; Loss of Muscle Mass
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When are GH levels the highest?
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In the morning
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Which hormones levels fall as a result of low TSH?
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T4
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Which hormones are affected by decreased ACTH?
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Decreased cortisol
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How does decreased ACTH result in hyponatremia?
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Dilutional hyponatremia due to loss of cortisol which normally inhibits ADH.
ADH levels are higher |
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What is the most common pituitary tumor?
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Prolactinoma
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What hormones are secreted by prolactinomas?
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Prolactin, GH (sometimes)
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What hormones are inhibited as a result of prolactin secretion?
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GnRH - results in decreased sex hormones
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What is the primary treatment for prolactinoma?
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Dopamine analogs
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What are 3 primary functions of GH?
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1. Release insulin and IGF1
2. Stimulate gluconeogenesis 3. Antinaturetic |
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What is the main function of IGF1?
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Stimulate bone growth
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What condition do children develop from excessive GH?
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Gigantism - elongated long bones
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What condition do adults develop from excessive GH? What are the signs of this condition?
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Acromegaly
Prominent Jaw, Frontal Bossing, Cardiomyopathy (death) |
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What would blood glucose levels be like in an individual with acromegaly?
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Elevated due to increased gluconeogenesis
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What are the main treatments for GH excess?
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Somatostation and dopamine analogs
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