Path Cv

Front 1

Antineutrophil antibodies

Back 1

Vasculitis (pANCA or cANCA)

Front 2

Antiplatelet antibodies

Back 2

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Front 3

Arachnodactyly

Back 3

Fingers longer than palm, seen in Marfan’s syndrome

Front 4

Boot-shaped heart on x-ray

Back 4

Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH

Front 5

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Back 5

Posthepatic venous thrombosis, can be fatal, a/w PCV & other hypercoagulable states

Front 6

Buerger’s disease

Back 6

Small/medium-artery vasculitis & gangrene, due to smoking

Front 7

C-ANCA

Back 7

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Front 8

CV disease a/w diabetic mothers

Back 8

common cause of Transposition of Great Arteries (also PTA & Tricuspid Atresia)

Front 9

Caisson disease

Back 9

Decompression sickness, Gas emboli, ranges from rash & arthralgias to paralysis & death

Front 10

Continuous machinery murmur

Back 10

Patent ductus arteriosus

Front 11

Cotton-wool spots

Back 11

Chronic hypertension

Front 12

Dressler’s syndrome

Back 12

Fibrinous pericarditis occuring 1-2 weeks Post-MI

Front 13

Endocarditis with verrucous lesions with focal necrosis

Back 13

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis, a/w SLE

Front 14

HSP etiology

Back 14

Type III HSR following a URI, MC in boys 3-15 yoa

Front 15

Henoch-Schönlein purpura etiology

Back 15

Type III HSR vasculitis with hemorrhagic urticaria, often follows URIs in children

Front 16

Janeway lesions

Back 16

Microhemangiomas on palms or soles that aren't painful, seen in Endocarditis

Front 17

Libman-Sacks disease

Back 17

Endocarditis with Verrucous lesions with focal necrosis, associated with SLE

Front 18

Necrotizing vasculitis with pneumonitis & glomerulonephritis

Back 18

Wegener’s and Goodpasture’s (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)

Front 19

Nutmeg liver

Back 19

CHF

Front 20

Osler’s nodes

Back 20

Microhemangiomas on palms or soles that are painful, seen in Endocarditis

Front 21

Port-wine stain

Back 21

Hemangioma a/w Sturge-Weber Syn (AVM malformations)

Front 22

Rib notching

Back 22

Coarctation of aorta

Front 23

Roth’s spots in retina

Back 23

Endocarditis

Front 24

S3

Back 24

Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)

Front 25

S4

Back 25

Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Front 26

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

Back 26

Endocarditis

Front 27

Sturge-Weber disease S/Sx

Back 27

AVM leptomeningeal angiomatosis, port wine stain, small vessel dz

Front 28

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

Back 28

Aortic valve stenosis

Front 29

Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)

Back 29

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Front 30

p-ANCA

Back 30

Microscopic Polyangitis, Churg-Straus Syndrome, etc

Front 31

Cardiac Tamponade etiology

Back 31

Hemorrhage (trauma, anti-coags, massive MI), End stage lung Ca, toxic (SLE, hypothyroid, uremia)

Front 32

Cardiac Tamponade Tx

Back 32

Pericardiocentesis

Front 33

Non-CV Causes of Cardiac Tamponade

Back 33

SLE, hypothyroid, uremic, lung Ca

Front 34

Becks Triad

Back 34

JVD, Hypotension, Distant heart sounds [Cardiac Tamponade]

Front 35

Pre-eclampsia Signs

Back 35

hypertension, albuminuria, and hyperuricemia

Front 36

DiGeorge Syn S/Sx

Back 36

Cardiac abn (TGA/Fallots), Abnormal facies, Thymic dysplasia (varying low T-cell counts), Cleft palate, hypocalcemia (incr PTH), 22q11 delection [CATCH-22]

Front 37

Describe Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 37

Pulm stenosis, RVH, Overiding aorta, VSD [PROVe]

Front 38

When do you start Warfarin in A-fib?

Back 38

2 or greater CHADS2 score [CHF, HTN, Age > 75, DM, Stroke/TIA Hx is 2 pts]

Front 39

Fixed split S2

Back 39

ASD [S2 is really split, and doesn't vary during inspiration]

Front 40

Continuous murmurs

Back 40

PDA and venous hum

Front 41

Inferior wall leads

Back 41

II, III, avF

Front 42

Anterior wall leads

Back 42

V2-V4

[note some overlap with Septal MI: V1&V2]

Front 43

Lateral wall leads

Back 43

I, avL, V5-V6

Front 44

Time limit for PCI (Cath lab)

Back 44

PCI (cath lab) in 90 mins or use Thrombolytics

Front 45

Noncardiac causes of clubbing

Back 45

Cirrhosis, heart defects [including SBE], Inflammatory Bowel Dz [rarely]

Front 46

Pre-op eval of CV risk

Back 46

High risk Sx (intraperitoneal, intrathoracic), CV hx, CVA hx, Cr > 2.0

Front 47

Describe AAA screening

Back 47

65-75 y/o MALES with CV risk factors should be screened for AAA once

Front 48

Primary HyperAldosteronism Labs

Back 48

HTN, hypernatremia/hypokalemia, hyperaldosteron:hyporenism [failed Aldosterone Imhibition test req for definite Dx]

Front 49

Primary HyperAldosteronism S/Sx

Back 49

diastolic HTN, paresthesias/cramping, polyuria/polydipsia [electrolyte disturbances & hypovolemia]

Front 50

Prinzmetal angina presentation

Back 50

ST elevation, normal cardiac enzymes, min or no CAD obstruction

Front 51

Prinzmetal angina Tx

Back 51

CCBs

Front 52

Canon a-waves

Back 52

Atria & Ventricles beat together, seen in 3rd AV Block

Front 53

Aortic Coarctation Dx

Back 53

LE/UE BP gradient, Echo [screening], MRA [gold standard & b4 surgery/pci]

Front 54

Aortic Coarctation etiology

Back 54

Narrowing of aorta after closure of ductus arteriosus

Front 55

Aortic Coarctation associated CV problems

Back 55

Bicuspid aortic valve (50%), berry aneurysm, LVH

Front 56

Aortic Coarctation Tx

Back 56

PCI if >20mmHg

Front 57

Metabolic Syn requirements

Back 57

Obesity (men >102cm; women >88cm), high TG (150 mg/dL), low HDL (M <40 W <50), HTN (130/85), and hyperglycemia/DM

Front 58

Digatalis EKG changes

Back 58

Inverted, scooped QT

Front 59

Hyperkalemia EKG changes

Back 59

Peaked T-waves, wide-QRS

Front 60

Transcutaneous/Transvenous pacing indications

Back 60

bradycardia with shock, refractory to Atropine or Epi

Front 61

Behcet Syn S/Sx:

Back 61

genital & oral ulcers, eye inflammation, VTEs [a Vasculitis MC in Asians]

Front 62

PAN Dx

Back 62

Screen: ESR, CRP & p-ANCA [20% positive], tissue biopsy is confirmatory/gold standard

Front 63

AAA Monitoring guidelines

Back 63

< 3.5cm U/S q year, 3.5-5.0cm U/S q 6mos, > 5.0cm surgery

Front 64

NYHA class I

Back 64

No Symptoms, no limitation of physical activity

Front 65

NYHA class III

Back 65

Less than ordinary activity causes symptoms. Comfortable only at rest.

Front 66

U-Wave etiology

Back 66

Early repolarization of Purkinje ("Afterdepolarizations"), hypokalemia, sometimes after MI

Front 67

U-Wave complications

Back 67

Arrhythmias, poor prognosis post-MI,

Front 68

Kussmaul Sign description & etiology

Back 68

Incr JVD with inspiration; seen in Constrictive pericarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, RV infarction

Front 69

Constrictive Pericarditis etiology

Back 69

TB, Dressler's Syn, post cardiac surgery

Front 70

Constrictive Pericarditis Dx

Back 70

Pericardial knock, Kussmaul's Sign, Dx is by echo

Front 71

Constrictive Pericarditis Tx

Back 71

ACE-I or Pericardiectomy for severe cases

Front 72

"Pericardial knock" etiology

Back 72

heard in Constrictive Pericarditis

Front 73

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy etiology

Back 73

autoimmune diseases (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis)

Front 74

Pulsus bisferiens etiology & description

Back 74

AR with AS, severe AR, and HOCM [palpate a double pulse]

Front 75

Murmur that radiates to axilla

Back 75

MR