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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is another name for benign fibrous histiocytoma
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dermatofibroma
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what are S & S associated with benign fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma)
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-benign soft tissue neoplasm
-seen in adults, -frequently on the legs -mainly young-middle aged females -tan brown tender papules <cm -may not be a true neoplasm but an exaggerated fibroblastic response to trauma |
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how many variants are there of benign fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma)
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there are 2 variants
1)superficial> not responsible for 2)deep> called malignant fibrous histiocytoma -has nothing to do with the tumor -usually associated with epidermal hyperplasia -there usually are fibroblasts with in the dermis -these fibroblasts surround themselves around individual collagen bundles |
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what is seborrheic keratosis
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benign proliferation of keratinocytes
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what are signs and symptoms of
what is seborrheic keratosis |
-extremely common in middle-agen and older ppl
-round, flat but elevated above the level of skin -trunk,proximal extremities,face and neck -removed for cosmetic reason -always grows up towards the epidermis -basaloid horn cysts full of keratin |
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how does one differentiate what is seborrheic keratosis from a melanoma
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well this one has sharply defined borders, and it is also symmetrical
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y is seborrheic keratosis raised and results in keratosis
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usually b/c it is raised and rubs up against the clothing and becomes inflamed and raises
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where would one see adnexal tumors
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near haris shafts, sweat or eccrine glands or sebaceous glands
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what is and what are the s n s of multiple cylindromas
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it is a form of a adnexal tumor
-firm and shiny bumps -mainly in the face anf forehead b/c there's hair |
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histologically speaking, what is cylindroma composed of
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usually composed of basaloid cells and ducts that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle
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what are multiplae trichoepithelioma, what are the s n s
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it is also form of adnexal tumors
-usually non descript s n s -although its shown near mouth and nose and tried to be covered with mustache |
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histologically speaking,multiplae trichoepithelioma presents as
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buds of basaloid cells resembling primitive hair follicles but it's not a jigsaw puzzle
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how many different variants of adnexal neoplasms exist
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2
benign>99% -symmetrical -superficial -small -vertical, e/c makes sense since it grown along the hair shaft or eccrine duct and only changes it's orientation when it gets big 2)malignant> -asymmetrical -deep -wide |
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what are the different types of malignant adnexal tumors
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3
-sebaceous carcinoma -eccrine carcinoma -apocrin carcinoma these are fairly uncommon |
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what is actinic keratosis
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it a precancerous skin condition caused by over exposure to skin
-filled w/keratin -crusty |
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what are s n s of actinic keratosis
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-presents in ppl w/prolonged exposure to the skin
-could be due to other actinic or chemical damage -seen on face, forehead, dorsum of hand -erythematous reddish brown macule or minimally elevated papules w/overlying scales -size varies from mm to cm -couls cause mild tenderness but usually asymptomatic -scaly, cigarette ash like cutaneous horn |
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hsitologically speaking how deos
actinic keratosis present |
increased cellularity and atypia of lower half keratinocytes
-papillary dermis is spared -dermal collagen is degenerated -reticular dermis will no longer have thick collagen bundles -thin papillary dermis will not protect against UV if the above keratin layer is sloughed off -there is marked hyperkeratosis -usually cooked or fried reticular dermis collagen |
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what are the conditons that put an individual at risk for actinic keratosis
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-fair skin
-old scar -organ transplant -albinism -genetic syndromes like xeroderma |
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how does one differentiate b/t actinic keratosis and bowden (squamous cell carcinoma)
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-squamous cell carcinoma is in situ, it stays in one place
-actinic keratosis is considered tpo nascent or underdeveloped squmaous cell carcinoma or 1/2 grade SCC -once actinic keratosis gets to full thickness and has nuclear atypia, it will lead to SCC in situ |
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what are the s&s of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
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malignant proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, w/c ha s the potential ot metastasize to the to redional nodes and or distant sites
-2nd most common cutaneous malignancy -early on it is usually a small invasive, firm, skin colored or erythmatous nodule w/indistinct margins -bleeds easily -granular surface or smooth -surface may be papillous or verrucous -older is large and rarely involves the underlying tissue -central area of the tumor may b ulcearated |
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does SCC malignancy cause death
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no
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what is the main reason for getting SCC (epid)
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long exposure to sun and UV lights at the f of 280-340 is most carcinogenic
-incidence increases with age -male predominance -anyone on prolonged immunosuppressive therapy like organ transplant, esp if they are over the age of 20 |
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what are some of the other factors that add to the path of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
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-HPV infections
-arsenic -orgganic hydrocarbons, like tar,soot, anthracene oil, fuel, oil -extensive xray -genetic syndromes, like XP and EV |
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with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), what role does actinic keratosis play
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it is prelude to SCC, it will turn into SCC if there is prolonged exposure
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what is a key diagnosis involved with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
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the tumor's center will be ulcertaed and that it is usually in situ can on th escalp or arm or eye
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what is morbidity and mortality ratio
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morbidity>high
mortality>low |
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what are S&S of keratoacanthoma
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rapidly growing neoplasm, occurs on sun exposed areas of older adults
-involutes -clears spontaneously -usually has a central keratin plug |
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what is the other name for keratoacanthoma
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squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma type
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histologically speaking, what does keratoacanthoma look like
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well it looks like SCC but it can grow outward (keratin plug) and inward
-has glassy islands of eosinophilic keratin |
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what are the s&s of Basal cell carcinoma and what is it its other name
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-basal cell epithelioma
-most common malignancy of the skin -neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has the potential for local destruction -increased sunlight exposure in childhood and adolescence, and chronic exposure in adulthood -can increase with genetic syndromes like ;albinism ;xp ,necoid basal cell cacinoma ;bazex syn ;rombo -same in males and females -85% on head and neck -mainly in hair bearing skin |
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what is the key thing with Basal cell carcinoma
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almost all ppl with prolonged exposure to sun will form on or another type of Basal cell carcinoma
-85% on head and neck -mainly in hair bearing skin |
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what are the different clinical presentation types
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-nodular> dopme shaped papule w/crusted surface and telandiestasia
-sclerosing or morpheaform>diff to diagnose, may be yellowish-white, poorly defined margin -pigmented BCC> often confused with malignant b/s of different colors -superficial BCC>occirs w/non-sun exposed skin location like trynk or limbs, usally a scaly poorly edged plaque |
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what is one thing to remember with BCC and biopsies
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they usuallyt bleed and also they are big so surgeon may end up taking a lot of skin, w/c causes disfigurement
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1)nodular BCC
2)superficial bcc 3)sclerosing or morpheaform |
1)very large, telangestacia
2)doesn't infiltrate deep 3)dificult to excise, reason y mohs surgery was developed |
