Path And Pharm 7

Front 1

Normal immune response
Sometimes it's _____ and sometimes it's _____.

Back 1

acute & chronic inflammation
silent
active

Front 2

Diminished immune responses include _____ diseases. Congenital (Born)/_____/Immunodeficiency Diseases include deficient
_____.
Acquired = _____. What's an example?
People with acquired are on _____ drugs like _____, _____ for transplants, and _____.

Back 2

Immunodeficiency
Primary
B Cells, T Cells, or the worst case scenario, neither B nor T (resulting in bubble boy)

secondary; AIDS

Immunosupprants
Glucocorticoids
Antirejection drugs
Chemotherapy

Front 3

Amped immune response results in _____ diseases like (allergic diseases).

Back 3

Hypersensitivity

Front 4

Misdirected immune response results in _____.
The immune response is directed to our _____. There are _____ autoimmune diseases.

Back 4

autoimmune diseases.
own bodies
many

Front 5

Another immune response is immune _____ like lymphoma and leukemia

Back 5

neoplasms

Front 6

Having an immune system that has been impaired/weakened by disease or treatment

Back 6

Immunocompromised

Front 7

Artificial suppression of the immune response, as by drugs or radiation

Back 7

Immunosuppressed

Front 8

State in which the immune system's ability to fight infections is compromised or entirely absent

Back 8

Immunodeficiency

Front 9

Repair: replacement of _____ cells with new ones. We don't need repair unless something died. It also involves a _____ component.

Back 9

dead
functional

Front 10

Body's Response: Repair
3 Types

Back 10

Regeneration--Replace dead cell with one of its own
Scar--Replace dead cell with scar tissue
A little bit of both

Front 11

In order to have regeneration (type of repair), we’re going to have to have some kind of _____ to replace the cell.

Back 11

mitosis

Front 12

G1: _____ & Function—a cell that is happily living its life doing whatever it does in life. It’s just living its life. It then switches into S phase when it’s told to undergo mitosis.
S: _____ (replication for mitosis)
G2: _____ preparing for mitosis
M: _____ (cell division)
G o: _____

Back 12

Cell Growth
DNA Synthesis
cell growth
Mitosis

exit cycle when dividing

Front 13

In order to have regeneration (type of repair), we’re going to have to have some kind of _____ to replace the cell.

Back 13

mitosis

Front 14

G1: _____ & Function—a cell that is happily living its life doing whatever it does in life. It’s just living its life. It then switches into S phase when it’s told to undergo mitosis.
S: _____ (replication for mitosis)
G2: _____ preparing for mitosis
M: _____ (cell division)
G o: _____

Back 14

Cell Growth
DNA Synthesis
cell growth
Mitosis

exit cycle when dividing

Front 15

The cell after undergoing mitosis has 2 choices. One choice is to get off the grid and not undergo mitosis any more…it’ll go on just doing what it normally does (like a liver cell just being a liver cell). This is the _____ phase. Otherwise, it’ll keep undergoing _____.

Back 15

G_o
mitosis

Front 16

The cell after undergoing mitosis has 2 choices. One choice is to get off the grid and not undergo mitosis any more…it’ll go on just doing what it normally does (like a liver cell just being a liver cell). This is the _____ phase. Otherwise, it’ll keep undergoing _____.

Back 16

G_o
mitosis

Front 17

Stem Cells: Immature/undifferentiated cells with large mitotic/_____ capacity

Back 17

proliferative

Front 18

Stem Cells: Immature/undifferentiated cells with large mitotic/_____ capacity

Back 18

proliferative

Front 19

2 different types of stem cells and what's the difference

Back 19

Embryonic stem cells can grow into many different types of cell types. Adult can only grow into a few.

Front 20

2 different types of stem cells and what's the difference

Back 20

Embryonic stem cells can grow into many different types of cell types. Adult can only grow into a few.

Front 21

Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cells which normally continuously divide/undergo mitosis/move through cell cycle. New cells arise by _____ or _____.

Back 21

Labile Cells
mitosis
Stem cells

Front 22

Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cells which normally continuously divide/undergo mitosis/move through cell cycle. New cells arise by _____ or _____.

Back 22

Liabile Cells
mitosis
Stem cells

Front 23

Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types which do not normally undergo mitosis, but can if injured.
Spend most of their time in the _____ phase of the cell cycle. Arise by mitosis or from stem cells.

Back 23

Stable cells
Go

Front 24

Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types which do not normally undergo mitosis, but can if injured.
Spend most of their time in the _____ phase of the cell cycle. Arise by mitosis or from stem cells.

Back 24

Stable cells
Go

Front 25

Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types with poor mitotic capabilities even after injury...spend their lives in Go. They may be able to repair, but _____ capability may not be worth it.

Back 25

Permanent Cells
functional

Front 26

Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types with poor mitotic capabilities even after injury...spend their lives in Go. They may be able to repair, but _____ capability may not be worth it.

Back 26

Permanent Cells
functional

Front 27

Examples of labile cells

Back 27

Any surface lining cell (epithelium/epithelial cells)

Front 28

Examples of labile cells
Type of repair

Back 28

Any surface lining cell (epithelium/epithelial cells)
Regeneration

Front 29

Examples of stable cells

Back 29

Liver, kidney, bone

Front 30

Examples of stable cells
Type of repair:

Back 30

Liver, kidney, bone
Regeneration & Scarring

Front 31

Examples of Permanent Cells:

Type of repair: scarring

Back 31

Cardiac muscle, neurons, and to some degree (+/-) skeletal muscle.

Front 32

If we know what type of cell we're dealing with, we can usually predict the _____ and the outcome for _____.

Back 32

repair
function

Front 33

The etiology for repair

Back 33

necrosis. without dead cells, you don't have repair

Front 34

Fibrosis defined

Back 34

Replace necrotic cells with connective tissue/scar

Front 35

Connective tissue is composed of cells (_____) and the _____, which contains _____ fibers (for strength).

Back 35

fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix
collagen

Front 36

Fibrosis 1:
Here we have a blood vessel that gets clogged…say next to the heart. So the 3 strands on the right are the heart muscles. Around day 1, we have the cell change—necrosis of the heart muscles are beginning to take place due to _____ (or due to the heart attack). Around day 3-5, _____ roll in and devour all the dead cells. They send out the chemical mediators to call in the _____ and get things rolling on filling in that gap. (We assume the clot was removed from the blood vessel).

Back 36

ischemia
macrophages
fibroblasts

Front 37

Fibrosis 2:
_____ tissue begins forming around the vessel. This includes the baby blood branches begin growing out of the blood vessel (_____/_____) and the addition of fibroblasts which make the ECM made of collagen. The scar is quit pick at this point because of the vasculature. Weeks of remodeling go by so that ECM is as strong as it possibly can be. Collagen fibers need to be aligned in the direction of the _____. Most of the blood vessels will _____.

Back 37

Granulation
neovascularization/angiogenesis
pull
disappear

Front 38

Functions of Growth Factors
_____: causes cells to enter the cell cycle
Causes cells to have an increased resistance to _____.

Growth factors are secreted by _____ (including _____)

Back 38

mitosis
apoptosis
many cell types
macrophages

Front 39

Skin builds itself back by a process called _____. This involves the macrophages eating the _____.

Back 39

Re-epithelialization
necrotic cells.

Front 40

Differences between Healing by First Intention (sutures) and Healing by Second Intention (w/out)

Back 40

Longer repair time
Re-epithelialization less successful -> larger scar

Front 41

Excessive scar tissue formation

Back 41

Keloid