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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three portions of the small intestine?
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duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
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What two things are absorbed in the large intestine?
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water and electrolytes
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The appendix attaches to the base of the _________.
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cecum
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________ are folds in the circular muscle creating sac like segments along the colon.
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haustra
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25% of the weight of the GI tract is made up of _________.
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GI associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
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________ can reflect an increase in stool volume or frequency or a decrease in consistency.
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diarrhea
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________ diarrhea occurs when carbohydrates or minerals create an osmolar gap.
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osmotic
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________ diarrhea may be secondary to toxins from infection bacteria or gut hormones.
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secretory
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What is the most common cause of constipation in the Western world?
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poor dietary fiber intake
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What symptoms are associated with lactose intolerance?
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diarrhea, gas, and abdominal pain
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A gluten sensitivity is know as ________ disease.
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Celiac
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In a patient with Celiac Disease, examination of the intestine shows a flattening of the normal _____ and ______.
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folds, villi
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There is an increased risk of developing _________________ in patients with long-term Celiac disease.
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malignant lymphoma
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IBD is _________________.
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chronic inflammation of the bowel
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It is believed that IBD is an interplay between what three things?
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genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, and environmental triggers
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A specific type of IBD that is a disease of the lining or mucosa of the colon is _____________.
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Ulcerative Colitis
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The characteristic microscopic finding in Ulcerative Colitis is the ____________.
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crypt abscess
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What drugs can be used to help treat Ulcerative Colitis? What surgical treatment may be done?
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steroids and sulfasalazine, colectomy
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Crohn's disease most often arises in which age group?
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adolescents and young adults
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True or false: Crohn's disease only affects the small and large intestine.
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false
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Crohn's disease is a _______ process, which means it involves the full thickness of the bowel wall.
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transmural
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An abnormal connection that can form from the bowel to other organs as a result of Crohn's disease is called a ________.
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fistula
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True or false: There is no curative treatment for Crohn's disease.
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true
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The formation of muscosal outpouchings of the lining of the large bowel is called ____________.
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diverticulosis
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True or false: Diverticula may rupture and bleed, but it is not a severe situation.
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.false
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A type of lower GI bleeding is known as vascular ectasia or ___________.
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angiodysplasia
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A mass that protrudes into the lumen of the gut is called a _________.
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polyp
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True or false: All polyps have the potential of becoming malignant.
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false
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True or false: The adenoma-carcinoma hypothesis reflects the belief that polyps accumulate a number of genetic mutations over time that eventually lead to cancer.
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true
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What dietary conditions may help contribute to colorectal cancer.
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low dietary fiber and high dietary fat
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True or false: Colon cancer is generally silent for the majority of its clinical course.
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true
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Screening for colon cancer may be done by examining the stool for ________.
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(occult) bleeding
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The ______ staging system has been one of the most popular ways to determine outlook of colorectal cancer.
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Dukes
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Dukes C colon cancer implies __________ involvement.
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lymph node
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True or false: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis is associated with an autosomal dominant gene.
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true
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A type of colon cancer that is caused by a defect in DNA mis-match repair gene is ___________.
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Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon Cancer
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