Path 404: Circulatory Disorders And Trauma In The Central Nervous System

Front 1

The common term for a cerebrovascular accident is ________.

Back 1

stroke

Front 2

Most cases of stroke are due to ___________ or ____________.

Back 2

embolism, spontaneous/massive hemorrhage

Front 3

What are the three categories of CVAs?

Back 3

1. infarcts
2. intraparenchymal hemorrhages
3. subarachnoid hemorrhages

Front 4

List some focal symptoms of a stroke. How about generalized symptoms.

Back 4

focal: paralysis, sensory loss, speech deficits
generalized: headache, vomiting, and coma

Front 5

_________ refers to necrosis of tissue secondary to ischemia or hypoxia.

Back 5

infarct

Front 6

Cerebral emboli are commonly the result of _______ or ________ vessel thrombi.

Back 6

carotid, cerebral

Front 7

An occlusion of a vessel in situ is called ________.

Back 7

thrombosis

Front 8

What is present between endothelial cells in the brain that restricts the movement of water and small molecule

Back 8

tight junctions

Front 9

Transient hemiparesis or loss of speech prior to a stroke are called ______________.

Back 9

transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

Front 10

True or false: Only a small percentage of patients will die following massive hypertensive hemorrhage.

Back 10

false

Front 11

What is the most common cause of nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage?

Back 11

hypertension

Front 12

True or false: Hypertensive hemorrhages occur just as often at night as they do during times of physical stress.

Back 12

true

Front 13

Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is most commonly due to rupture of a ___________.

Back 13

saccular aneurysm

Front 14

Where are 90% of all aneurysms are found?

Back 14

the anterior portion of the arterial circle (of Willis)

Front 15

True or false: The cause of saccular aneurysms is mostly unknown.

Back 15

true

Front 16

What kind of tumor can an aneurysm mimic?

Back 16

pituitary tumor

Front 17

Leakage of blood from aneurysms into the subarachnoid space sometimes cause severe _________ of other vessels.

Back 17

spasm

Front 18

___________ refers to a pathologic process whereby an organ/tissue or structure is displaced from its normal position into another location.

Back 18

herniation

Front 19

What is the name of the structure through which the spinal cord protrudes?

Back 19

the foramen magnum

Front 20

How does hemorrhage into the brainstem cause death?

Back 20

knocks out cardiac and respiratory center

Front 21

What two types of herniations did we discuss in class?

Back 21

parahippocampal/uncal herniation and cerebellar tonsilar herniation

Front 22

What type of hemorrhage represents one of the most acute medical emergencies?

Back 22

epidural hemorrhage

Front 23

One sign that a patient has had an epidural hemorrhage is a fixed pupil on the ________ side of the hemorrhage.

Back 23

ipsilateral

Front 24

What are the three types of subdural hematoma?

Back 24

1. acute 2. subactue 3. chronic