Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The substrate a fungus grows on depends on...
|
the enzymes the fungus contains
|
|
|
Luciferin and luciferase
|
pigment and enzyme catalyst in bioluminescent fungi
light attracts organisms, spreads spores |
|
|
Lignocellulose
|
Fungal enzymes can breakdown this plant starch for conversion to bioethanol
|
|
|
Carl Linneaus
|
Father of binomial nomenclature
published "Species Plantarum" |
|
|
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
|
First description (has priority) of a new fungus must be in Latin and must be in printed form
Type specimen must be collected and stored First citation in literature must include founders name Official starting date is 1753 |
|
|
Christian H. Persoon
1781 |
A mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy and is considered the founding father of modern taxonomy of mushrooms
Collected 14,000 mushrooms and named them published published "Synopsis methodica fungorum" (1801) |
|
|
Elias Fries
|
Swedish fungus taxonomist
Published three-volume Systema mycologicum (1821–1832) |
|
|
Lewis David de Schweinitz
|
was a German-American botanist and mycologist. He is considered by some the "Father of North American Mycology", also made significant contributions to botany
|
|
|
E.S. Luttrell
|
famous UGA mycologist
|
|
|
Some Loyd guy
|
Argued about people incorrectly naming puffballs
Could slob a stinkhorn Highlighted need for system for changing scientific names of fungi when they had been improperly classified |
|
|
Reasons for changing taxonomic name for fungi
|
Sexual stage was discovered and improperly described as different organism
Older name discovered (somebody named it first) fungus originally misidentified fungus reclassified based on genetic code classified by ribosomal ITS similar species are consolidated conglomerant of mushrooms divided into individual species |
|
|
Cocoa bean Cultivation
|
Grown in moist rainforest environment as undergrowth
perfect conditions for fungus |
|
|
Cocoa bean fungal diseases
|
Fungal disease take 40 to 75% of cocoa beans before harvest
-blackpod disease -witches broom disease -frosty pod disease |
|
|
Cocoa bean fungus control
|
Control disease with copper fungicides
Peasant farmers that traditionally grow cacao cannot afford |
|
|
Potato Cultivation
|
Brought back from S. America by the Spanish
Europeans at first refused to eat them because they believed in Doctrine of Signatures (thought potatoes caused tumors and growths) Grew well in rocky soil of Ireland gave to poor Irish peasants to eat and eventually the irish diet consisted of nearly all potato |
|
|
Potato Late Blight
|
Phytophthora infestans
Originally identified by Anton deBary (German Mycologist) |
|
|
Contributing factors to Potato Late Blight famine
|
Phytophthora infestans prefers rainy, cold, wet conditions
Cull piles near field (place for pathogen to flourish) genetically uniform crop (all clones of one potato) Favorable weather Reliance on only potatoes for food New pathogen (no knowledge on control) |
|
|
"Trinity" by Leon Uris
|
Book about potato famine and Irish family
Larkin brothers Kitty, Aiden, and Cathal She read excerpt of them first finding the infected potatoes in their storage cave things |
|
|
Beyond the Potato Famine (1845-1852)
|
Starvation of millions of people
Death of over 1 million people Emigration of 1.5 million people Birth of field of plant pathology |
|
|
Second Phytophthora infestans mating type
|
Until 1980, only one mating type (US-1) present in Europe
other mating types (A1-A2) found ONLY in Mexico In 1980, other mating types moved into Europe and rest of world |
|
|
Bordeaux
|
Copper and lime mixture used to treat grape fungal disease
First broad spectrum fungicide |
|
|
Powdery Mildew
|
Fungal disease of grape
1st described in eastern N. America (1834) Limited to damage to native vines Identified in England in 1845 in greenhouse by some Tucker fellow 1850- Powdery mildew spreads throughout Europe. Severe damage to European wine grape 1859- Powdery mildew first reported in California 1866- Powdery mildew described in Australia |
|
|
Phylloxera Nymphs
|
Insects that feeds on roots and vines
N. American roots were resistant to nymphs N. American roots were grafted on to European grape vines to create resistant European grapes (still done today) 1863- Phylloxera epidemic begins in France |
|
|
Downy Mildew
|
1878- Downy mildew epidemic begins in France
North American origins |
|
|
3 Diseases of Grape
|
Powdery Mildew (1845) -> Phylloxera (1865) -> Downy Mildew (1878)
North American origins for all three pests |
