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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the ratio of melanocyte to normal skin cell?
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1:36
1 melanocyte for 36 keratinocytes |
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What are the immune cells in the skin called?
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Langerhans cells
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What are Merkel cells
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sensory
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What do each of these glands secrete?
eccrine sebaceous apocrine |
sweat
sebum, oily substance scent |
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What is dermatitis
describe 1. acute 2. chronic |
inflamm of dermal layers
1. acute - blistering of skin, inflamm cells, edema, and blisterming, no scar, regneration 2. chronic - proliferaion, thicked raised plaque |
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What is the definition of Atopy
Give one example where it is found |
Atopy = allergic reaction at a site NOT in contact with the allergen
type 1 hypersensitivity |
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What is dermatitis herpeetiformis
give an example |
immune complex deposition at the skin
gluten in lumen in SI defective ,mucoal epithelial barrier and immune complex |
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What is the substance released from poison ivy? (2 names from notes)
What does it cause? |
1. Uroshiol OR radicans
2. contact dermatitis |
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What is psoriasis
Caused by? Where does it happen usually? |
hyperkeratotic lesion
p. vulgaris happens to places where there is trauma, eg knees, elbows, scalp, back |
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Psoriasis involves what two steps (2)
Psoriasis are characterized by what (4) things? |
1. angiogenesis
2. inflammation 1. angiogenesis 2. hyper-keratosis 3. numerous inflammatory 4. thickness of the keratin surface |
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What immune cells are involved in psoriasis
(1) cell (2) cytokines |
T cells, mainly memory CD4
IL2 and IL12 |
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What is is the genetic determinant of psoriasis
What account does it determine |
1. PSORS1
35-50% |
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What are {2) newish therapies to treat psoriasis
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1. stat 3 decoy - stat3 is inolved in the signaling of the inflamm reaction
2. IL-17 blocker - an inflamm mediator |
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What are the degrees of burns (4)
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1. epi
2. dermis 3. layer of fat under 4. muscle below fat |
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What causes acne
increased in what (2) |
hyperplasia of sebaceous glands
1. keratin 2. melanocytes hair shaft blocked |
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What is blackhead?
What is whitehead? |
blackhead - follicle dilated and filled w keratin and pigment + bac + neutrophils
whitehead - or micromedo - sebaceous gland reuptures and releases proteases and neutrophil which destroys the wall of the follicle |
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What does sun damage cause (4)
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1. photoagin
2. cancer (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma) 3. wrinkles 4. actinic keratosis |
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Which UV is able to penetrate deeper in the skin, how far?
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UVA, to the dermis
(UVB blocked at epidermis) |
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What is polymorphic light eruption?
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when systemic drugs are affected by sunlight
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What is
solar lentigines? lentigo maligna actinic keratosis |
solar lentigines - discrete dark spots
actinic keratosis - red patch, hypperkertosis lentigo maligna - in situ carcinoma --> can develop malignant melanoma |
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What does UV light promote keratinocytes to express?
What about langerhans? |
RANKL
Treg --> immunosuprression |
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What is the mech of UV radiation damage
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RNA released from keratinocytes and --> imflamm cytokines TNFalph and IL6 --> TLR3 --> UVB induced immune suppression
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Where is the pigment Melanin found ?
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melanosomes
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What is vitiligo
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mlanomsomes present but nonfunctional - cause patches of lighter coouring
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Name the three types of skin cancer + brief description
which his the most common? the most aggressive |
1. basal cell carcinoma - most common - very discrete - small bomp, and ulceration
2. melanoma - slightly flatter, irr border and dakrer, ABCD signs, - most aggressive malignant /aggressive 3. squamous cell carcinoma- ulceration in the middle and bleeding |
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Skin disease higher incidence in males or females?
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males
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Where does skin cancer metastasize to? (2)
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1. gall bladder
2. spleen |
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What is a nevus?
What is a nodular melanoma? |
nevus = superficial spreading (of melanoma?)
nodulalar melanoma = discrete tumor of surface of the skin |
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What is dermatophytosis
Cause? Lead to? |
athletes foot
fungus grow on keratin foot ulceration |
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What do the HPV viruses cause ?
in general in particular (2) |
Warts
1. epidermal hyperplasia 2. cytoplasmic vacuoles (koilocytosis) |
