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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
schistocyte
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microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
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microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
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TTP
HUS DIC HELLP Prosthetic heart valves aortic stenosis |
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ringed sideroblasts
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sideroblastic (iron deficient anemia) iron trapped in mitochondria around nucleus
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spherocytes, splenomegaly
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hereditary shperocytosis (defect of spectrin/ankryn/band 3.1); IGG-mediated hemolytic anemia (SLE, CLL, some drugs)
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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present after splenectomy (nuclear fragments in RBCs) auto splenectomy of sickle cell anemia
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Target cells
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β-thalassemia minor and major; sickle cell disease
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Dactylitis
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swollen hands/feet due to vasoocclusive bone infarcts
(common presenting sign of sickle cell anemia) |
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“crewcut” skull xray,
chipmunk face, hepatosplenomegaly |
β-thalassemia major; sickle cell anemia
|
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Megaloblastic anemia
with hypersegmented neutrophils |
folate or vitamin B12 deficiency
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Heinz bodies and
Bite cells |
G6PD deficiency. Leads to intravascular hemolysis.
Presents with hemoglobinuria and back pain hours after exposure to oxidative stress. |
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Defect in ALAS
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congenital sideroblastic anemia
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Parvovirus B19
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infects progenitor RBCs, halting erythropoiesis; leads
to significant anemia with preexisting marrow stress |
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Pancytopenia
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Aplastic anemia (drugs, viral infections, autoimmune);
Myelophthisic process (pathogolic replacement of BM) |
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Autoimmune destruction
of parietal cells |
Vitamin B12 deficiency (ileum can’t absorb vit b12
Unless it is bound to intrinsic factor) |
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E. coli O157:H7
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HUS
|
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Abnormal ristocetin test
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Von Willebrand Disease
|
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Auer rods
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APL
|
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Elevated D-dimer
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DIC; Pulmonary infarction due to PE
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Cellular swelling
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reversible injury
|
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AL amyloid
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Primary amyloidosis
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AA amyloid
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Secondary amyloidosis
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Non-mutated serum
transthyretin |
Senile cardiac amyloidosis
|
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Mutated serum
transthyretin |
Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy
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Aβ amyloid
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Alzheimer disease
|
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Amylin
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T2DM (derived from insulin—deposits in islets)
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Β2-microglobulin
in joints |
Dialysis-associated amyloidosis
|
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Giant granules in
Leukocytes |
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (autosomal recessive)—also
affected with albinism, blood-clotting disorders, nerve problems (abnormal fusion of intracellular organelles) |
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Epithelioid histiocytes
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Granulomatous inflammation
|
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NADPH oxidase defect
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Chronic granulomatous disease (prolonged Th1 activation; defecient respiratory burst)
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Mutated Bruton
tyrosine kinase |
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (B cells are blocked at
the pre-B-cell stage); recurrent extracellular bacterial infections—strep/staph/flu; absence of serum Ig |
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Hepatic vein thrombosis
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Budd-Chiari Syndrome
|
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Anticardiolipin Ab
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SLE; false-positive syphilis test
|
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Anti-ribonucleoprotein
antibodies |
Sjogren Syndrome (Anti-SS-A/Ro and Anti-SS-B/La)
40% increased risk of developing lymphoma |
|
Anti-DNA topoisomerase
I antibody Anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody |
Scleroderma (Scl-70 ab)
|
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Serum Ab against U1
ribonucleoprotein |
Mixed connective tissue disease
|
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Anti-Jo-1 Ab
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Polymyositis
|
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Asbestos
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lung carcinoma/ mesothelioma
|
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EBV
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Burkitt lymphoma; B cell/
CNS lymphoma in AIDS |
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HHV-8
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Kaposi sarcoma
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HBV/HCV
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
|
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HTLV-1
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Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL); only
retrovirus associated with human cancer |
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High-risk HPV
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SCC of vulva, vagina, anus, cervix; adenocarcinoma of
cervix (subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33) |
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9;22 translocation
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CML (and some types of ALL)
|
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8;14 translocation
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Burkitt lymphoma (MYC overexpression)
|
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11;14 translocation
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Mantle cell lymphoma
|
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14;18 translocation
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Follicular lymphoma
|
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Chromogranin
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Neuroendocrine cells (small cell carcinoma of lung;
carcinoid tumors) |
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CD40/CD40L mutation
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Hyper-IgM syndrome (no CD40-CD40L interaction
between T cells and B cells= no isotype switching |
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Persistent viral
infections |
lack of cytotoxic T cells
|
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caseating necrosis
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TB; resistance to activated macrophages; granuloma
|
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Fas/FasL mutation
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ALPS (autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
|
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Damage to renal glomeruli
basement membrane |
Goodpasture’s Syndrome (complement/granulocyte-
mediated) Type II HS |
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AutoAb against TSHR
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Grave’s Disease (agonist autoAb) Type II HS
|
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AutoAb against AchR
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Myasthenia Gravis (antagonist autoAb) Type II HS
|
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Splenomegaly and
anemia |
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia—& lots of other things
|
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Demyelination of
nerve cell axons |
MS (Type IV HS)
|
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Destruction of Islets
of Langerhans |
T1DM (CD8 and DTH Type IV HS)
|
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Destruction of
thyroid cells |
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (DTH Type IV HS)
|
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AIRE gene mutation
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Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, aka
autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)—no negative selection of T cells in the thymus |
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FoxP3
|
IPEX (immune dyregulation, polyendocrinopathy,
Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) lack of Treg cells |
|
CTLA-4 gene
polymorphism |
Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s disease, T1DM
|
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Poison ivy
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Type IV HS; hapten
|
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HLA matching
|
kidney allograft (not for heart, liver, pancreas, lung)
|
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p53
|
small cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer
|
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APC
|
colon cancer
|
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Partial/complete absence
of thymus |
DiGeorge Syndrome (absence of T cells)
|
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B cells don’t differentiate
to plasma cells |
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
|
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Reduced platelets and
reduced ab response to T-independent antigens |
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (eczema, thrombocytopenia,
immune deficiency |
|
Bence Jones proteins
in urine |
Multiple myeloma
|
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• ADAMTS13
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TTP
|
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• GP1b
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Bernard-Soulier syndrome (genetic)
|
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• GPIIb/IIIa
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Glanzmann thrombasthenia (genetic)
|
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• Factor VIII
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Hemophilia A (X-linked)—PTT corrects w mixing study
Coagulation factor Inhibitor (acquired) |
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• Factor IX
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Hemophilia B (genetic)
|
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• vWF
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Von Willebrand Disease (aut. dom.= most common)
|
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• CBS
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Homocystinuria (thrombosis, MR, lens dislocation, long
slender fingers) |
|
• Protein C/S
|
Warfarin skin necrosis (increased risk)
|
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• ADA
|
low T & B cells; low serum Ig (deoxy ATP accumulation)
|
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• MHCII
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Bare lymphocyte syndrome (reduced CD4 cells)
|
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• C1 inhibitor
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Hereditary angioedema (esp. periorbital edema)
|
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• C3/C4
|
SLE (hypocomplementemia)—immuno
|
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• CR3/CR4/LFA-1/
MAC-1 |
LAD (impaired diapedesis) defective β2 integrin gene
|
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• RAG
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SCID (absence of T and B cells), Omenn syndrome
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• γ5 gene
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B-cell immunodeficiency (no surrogate light chain)
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• Purine nucleoside
phosphorylase |
low T cells (deoxy-GTP accumulation toxic to T cells)
|
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• G6PD/MPO
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reduction in respiratory burstgranulomatous disease
|
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• IFNγ receptor
|
persistent mycobacterial infection; no TNFα in response
to IFNγ |
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• GPI (absent)
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (DAF isn’t able
to be bound to blood cell surface to protect against complement) |