Path

Front 1

schistocyte

Back 1

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Front 2

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Back 2

TTP
HUS
DIC
HELLP
Prosthetic heart valves
aortic stenosis

Front 3

ringed sideroblasts

Back 3

sideroblastic (iron deficient anemia) iron trapped in mitochondria around nucleus

Front 4

spherocytes, splenomegaly

Back 4

hereditary shperocytosis (defect of spectrin/ankryn/band 3.1); IGG-mediated hemolytic anemia (SLE, CLL, some drugs)

Front 5

Howell-Jolly bodies

Back 5

present after splenectomy (nuclear fragments in RBCs) auto splenectomy of sickle cell anemia

Front 6

Target cells

Back 6

β-thalassemia minor and major; sickle cell disease

Front 7

Dactylitis

Back 7

swollen hands/feet due to vasoocclusive bone infarcts
(common presenting sign of sickle cell anemia)

Front 8

“crewcut” skull xray,
chipmunk face,
hepatosplenomegaly

Back 8

β-thalassemia major; sickle cell anemia

Front 9

Megaloblastic anemia
with hypersegmented
neutrophils

Back 9

folate or vitamin B12 deficiency

Front 10

Heinz bodies and
Bite cells

Back 10

G6PD deficiency. Leads to intravascular hemolysis.
Presents with hemoglobinuria and back pain hours
after exposure to oxidative stress.

Front 11

Defect in ALAS

Back 11

congenital sideroblastic anemia

Front 12

Parvovirus B19

Back 12

infects progenitor RBCs, halting erythropoiesis; leads
to significant anemia with preexisting marrow stress

Front 13

Pancytopenia

Back 13

Aplastic anemia (drugs, viral infections, autoimmune);
Myelophthisic process (pathogolic replacement of BM)

Front 14

Autoimmune destruction
of parietal cells

Back 14

Vitamin B12 deficiency (ileum can’t absorb vit b12
Unless it is bound to intrinsic factor)

Front 15

E. coli O157:H7

Back 15

HUS

Front 16

Abnormal ristocetin test

Back 16

Von Willebrand Disease

Front 17

Auer rods

Back 17

APL

Front 18

Elevated D-dimer

Back 18

DIC; Pulmonary infarction due to PE

Front 19

Cellular swelling

Back 19

reversible injury

Front 20

AL amyloid

Back 20

Primary amyloidosis

Front 21

AA amyloid

Back 21

Secondary amyloidosis

Front 22

Non-mutated serum
transthyretin

Back 22

Senile cardiac amyloidosis

Front 23

Mutated serum
transthyretin

Back 23

Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy

Front 24

Aβ amyloid

Back 24

Alzheimer disease

Front 25

Amylin

Back 25

T2DM (derived from insulin—deposits in islets)

Front 26

Β2-microglobulin
in joints

Back 26

Dialysis-associated amyloidosis

Front 27

Giant granules in
Leukocytes

Back 27

Chediak-Higashi syndrome (autosomal recessive)—also
affected with albinism, blood-clotting disorders, nerve problems (abnormal fusion of intracellular organelles)

Front 28

Epithelioid histiocytes

Back 28

Granulomatous inflammation

Front 29

NADPH oxidase defect

Back 29

Chronic granulomatous disease (prolonged Th1 activation; defecient respiratory burst)

Front 30

Mutated Bruton
tyrosine kinase

Back 30

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (B cells are blocked at
the pre-B-cell stage); recurrent extracellular bacterial
infections—strep/staph/flu; absence of serum Ig

Front 31

Hepatic vein thrombosis

Back 31

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Front 32

Anticardiolipin Ab

Back 32

SLE; false-positive syphilis test

Front 33

Anti-ribonucleoprotein
antibodies

Back 33

Sjogren Syndrome (Anti-SS-A/Ro and Anti-SS-B/La)
40% increased risk of developing lymphoma

Front 34

Anti-DNA topoisomerase
I antibody
Anti-DNA topoisomerase
I antibody

Back 34

Scleroderma (Scl-70 ab)

Front 35

Serum Ab against U1
ribonucleoprotein

Back 35

Mixed connective tissue disease

Front 36

Anti-Jo-1 Ab

Back 36

Polymyositis

Front 37

Asbestos

Back 37

lung carcinoma/ mesothelioma

Front 38

EBV

Back 38

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Burkitt lymphoma; B cell/
CNS lymphoma in AIDS

Front 39

HHV-8

Back 39

Kaposi sarcoma

Front 40

HBV/HCV

Back 40

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 41

HTLV-1

Back 41

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL); only
retrovirus associated with human cancer

Front 42

High-risk HPV

Back 42

SCC of vulva, vagina, anus, cervix; adenocarcinoma of
cervix (subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33)

Front 43

9;22 translocation

Back 43

CML (and some types of ALL)

Front 44

8;14 translocation

Back 44

Burkitt lymphoma (MYC overexpression)

Front 45

11;14 translocation

Back 45

Mantle cell lymphoma

Front 46

14;18 translocation

Back 46

Follicular lymphoma

Front 47

Chromogranin

Back 47

Neuroendocrine cells (small cell carcinoma of lung;
carcinoid tumors)

Front 48

CD40/CD40L mutation

Back 48

Hyper-IgM syndrome (no CD40-CD40L interaction
between T cells and B cells= no isotype switching

Front 49

Persistent viral
infections

Back 49

lack of cytotoxic T cells

Front 50

caseating necrosis

Back 50

TB; resistance to activated macrophages; granuloma

Front 51

Fas/FasL mutation

Back 51

ALPS (autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome

Front 52

Damage to renal glomeruli
basement membrane

Back 52

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (complement/granulocyte-
mediated) Type II HS

Front 53

AutoAb against TSHR

Back 53

Grave’s Disease (agonist autoAb) Type II HS

Front 54

AutoAb against AchR

Back 54

Myasthenia Gravis (antagonist autoAb) Type II HS

Front 55

Splenomegaly and
anemia

Back 55

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia—& lots of other things

Front 56

Demyelination of
nerve cell axons

Back 56

MS (Type IV HS)

Front 57

Destruction of Islets
of Langerhans

Back 57

T1DM (CD8 and DTH Type IV HS)

Front 58

Destruction of
thyroid cells

Back 58

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (DTH Type IV HS)

Front 59

AIRE gene mutation

Back 59

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, aka
autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-
ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)—no negative selection of T cells in the thymus

Front 60

FoxP3

Back 60

IPEX (immune dyregulation, polyendocrinopathy,
Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) lack of Treg cells

Front 61

CTLA-4 gene
polymorphism

Back 61

Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s disease, T1DM

Front 62

Poison ivy

Back 62

Type IV HS; hapten

Front 63

HLA matching

Back 63

kidney allograft (not for heart, liver, pancreas, lung)

Front 64

p53

Back 64

small cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer

Front 65

APC

Back 65

colon cancer

Front 66

Partial/complete absence
of thymus

Back 66

DiGeorge Syndrome (absence of T cells)

Front 67

B cells don’t differentiate
to plasma cells

Back 67

Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia

Front 68

Reduced platelets and
reduced ab response to
T-independent antigens

Back 68

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (eczema, thrombocytopenia,
immune deficiency

Front 69

Bence Jones proteins
in urine

Back 69

Multiple myeloma

Front 70

• ADAMTS13

Back 70

TTP

Front 71

• GP1b

Back 71

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (genetic)

Front 72

• GPIIb/IIIa

Back 72

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (genetic)

Front 73

• Factor VIII

Back 73

Hemophilia A (X-linked)—PTT corrects w mixing study
Coagulation factor Inhibitor (acquired)

Front 74

• Factor IX

Back 74

Hemophilia B (genetic)

Front 75

• vWF

Back 75

Von Willebrand Disease (aut. dom.= most common)

Front 76

• CBS

Back 76

Homocystinuria (thrombosis, MR, lens dislocation, long
slender fingers)

Front 77

• Protein C/S

Back 77

Warfarin skin necrosis (increased risk)

Front 78

• ADA

Back 78

low T & B cells; low serum Ig (deoxy ATP accumulation)

Front 79

• MHCII

Back 79

Bare lymphocyte syndrome (reduced CD4 cells)

Front 80

• C1 inhibitor

Back 80

Hereditary angioedema (esp. periorbital edema)

Front 81

• C3/C4

Back 81

SLE (hypocomplementemia)—immuno

Front 82

• CR3/CR4/LFA-1/
MAC-1

Back 82

LAD (impaired diapedesis) defective β2 integrin gene

Front 83

• RAG

Back 83

SCID (absence of T and B cells), Omenn syndrome

Front 84

• γ5 gene

Back 84

B-cell immunodeficiency (no surrogate light chain)

Front 85

• Purine nucleoside
phosphorylase

Back 85

low T cells (deoxy-GTP accumulation toxic to T cells)

Front 86

• G6PD/MPO

Back 86

reduction in respiratory burstgranulomatous disease

Front 87

• IFNγ receptor

Back 87

persistent mycobacterial infection; no TNFα in response
to IFNγ

Front 88

• GPI (absent)

Back 88

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (DAF isn’t able
to be bound to blood cell surface to protect against
complement)