Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
watershed areas
|
splenic flexure, ACA/MCA
|
|
|
|
kidney hypoxic-susceptible
|
proximal tubule (cortex), thick ascending limb (medulla)
|
|
|
|
liver hypoxic-susceptible
|
around central vein
|
|
|
|
hemorrhagic infarcts
|
tissues with collaterals
liver, lungs, intestine following reperfusion (free radicals) |
|
|
|
pale infarcts
|
solid tissues, single blood supply
heart, kidney, spleen |
|
|
|
hypovolemic/cardiogenic shock
|
low output
incr TPR |
|
|
|
septic shock
|
high output
decr TPR dilated arterioles, high venous return |
|
|
|
chronic inflamm
|
mononuc,blood vessel prolif, fibrosis
|
|
|
|
leukocyte extravasion
|
rolling: selectins
binding: ICAM (v), LFA-1 (L) diapedesis: PECAM migration: C5a, IL8, LTB4, Kallikrein |
|
|
|
proliferative wound healing
|
2-3 days after. fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells
|
granulation tissue and collagen, angiogen, epithelial cell prolif, dissolution of clot, wound contraction (myofibroblasts)
|
|
|
remodeling wound healing
|
1 wk after. fibroblasts. type III collagen replaced by type I collagen, incr tensile strength of tissue
|
|
|
|
granulomatous diseases
|
histoplasmosis, berylliosis
|
Th1s secrete gamma IFN, activ macros. TNF from macros induce and maintain granuloma. anti-TNF drugs can break down and disseminate dz
|
|
|
ESR
|
fibrinogen coats RBCs and aggregates them, making them fall faster
|
decr in sickle, polycythemia, CHF
|
|
|
iron poisoning
|
peroxidation of membrane lipids
|
acute - gastric bleed
chronic - metab acid, scar leads to GI obstruct |
|
|
amyloidosis
|
bence jones (AL, light chain, MM)
secondary (AA, acute phase) senile cardiac (transthyretin, AF is for Fogies) |
DM2 (amylin, AE for Endocrine)
medullary carcinoma of thyroid (A-CAL for Calcitonin) Alz is APP, amyloid precursor protein Dialysis is beta 2 microglobulin (MHC I) |
|
|
carcinoma in situ
|
high N/C and clumped chromatin
neoplastic cells encompass entire thickness |
|
|
|
pre-invasive
|
BM invaded. collagenase, hydrolase. can met if reach vessel
|
|
|
|
metastasis
|
seed (tumor embolus) soil is target organ
|
|
|
|
dysplasia
|
abnormal growth with loss of cellular orientation, shape, size in comparison to normal tissue maturation. often preneoplastic
|
|
|
|
anaplasia
|
resemble primitive cells of same tissue
|
|
|
|
neoplasia
|
clonal prolif of cells uncontrolled and excessive. benign or malig
|
|
|
|
desmoplasia
|
fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm
|
|
|
|
malignant teratomas
|
immature, and mature in men
|
|
|
|
cachexia
|
mediated by TNFa, IFNg, IL6
|
|
|
|
Tuberous sclerosis neoplasm
|
astrocytoma, angiomyolipoma, rhabdomyoma
|
|
|
|
plummer vinson
|
atrophic glossitis, esoph webs, anemia (d/t iron def)
SCC of esoph |
|
|
|
pagets dz of bone neoplasm
|
osteosarcoma & fibrosarcoma
|
|
|
|
immunodef neoplasm
|
malignant lymphomas
|
|
|
|
AI neoplasm
|
lymphoma
|
|
|
|
acanthosis nigricans neoplasm
|
visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus)
|
|
|
|
radiation exposure neoplasm
|
sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer
|
|
|
|
oncogene MOA
|
need to damage only 1 allele. Gain of fxn
|
|
|
|
erb-B2
|
breast, ovarian, gastric
tyrosine kinase |
|
|
|
ret product
|
tyrosine kinase
|
|
|
|
c-kit product
|
cytokine receptor
|
|
|
|
Rb tumors
|
retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
|
|
|
|
p53 syndrome
|
Li-Fraumeni
|
|
|
|
BRCA1 tumors
|
breast, ovarian
|
|
|
|
DPC tumors
|
pancreatic
|
|
|
|
DCC tumors
|
colon
|
|
|
|
CEA
|
CRC and panc CA, also breast, gastric, thyroid medullary
|
|
|
|
aFP
|
yolk sac tumor
|
|
|
|
S-100
|
melanoma, neural tumors, astrocytomas
|
|
|
|
alk phos
|
obstructive biliary dz
|
|
|
|
bombesin
|
neuroblastoma, lung, gastric ca
|
|
|
|
TRAP
|
hairy cell leuk (B cell)
|
|
|
|
CA-19-9
|
panc adenoCA
|
|
|
|
EBV CA
|
Hodkins
|
|
|
|
H pylori CA
|
lymphoma
|
|
|
|
vinyl chloride
|
liver angiosarcoma
|
|
|
|
CCl4
|
liver centrilobar necrosis, fatty change
|
|
|
|
nitrosamines (smoked food)
|
gastric CA
|
|
|
|
smoking
|
renal cell CA
|
|
|
|
arsenic
|
SCC in skin, liver angiosarcoma
|
|
|
|
naphthalene (aniline) dyes
|
bladder CA
|
|
|
|
alkylating agents
|
leukemia
|
|
|
|
PTHrP, TGFb, TNF, IL1
|
SCC lung, renal, breast
|
|
|
|
erythropoeitin
|
RCC, hemangioblastoma, heptaocellular carcinoma, pheo
|
|
|
|
Lambert Eaton
|
thymoma, SCLC
|
|
|
|
gout
|
leuk/lymph
|
|
|
|
PSaMMoma
|
Papillary thyroid
Serous ovary Meningioma Mesothelioma |
|
