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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Q. Aneurysm?
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Ballooning of blood vessel.
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Q. Name the disease?
Localized in the heart & Brain. Complications of atheromas include Calcification, rupture or ulceration. Can be due to hypertension or diabetes. Viruses induce a benign neoplastic growth of the cells or monoclonal populations. |
Atherosclerosis
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Q. Name the disease? 90-95% is idiopathic, primary or essential (renal retention of excess sodium).
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Hypertension
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Q. 1. Pheochromocytoma?
2. Essential hypertension? |
1. Catecholamines induce vasoconstriction.
2. Renal retention of excess sodium. |
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Q. Hyperplastic aterioloscerosis (epithelial cells start to proliferate)?
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Usually in malign hypertension but can be Onion-skin
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Q. Name the disease? Inflammation of the walls of the vessels. RA, SLE (butterfly rash), mixed cryoglobulinemia.
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Vasculitis General
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Q. Name the disease? Most common vasculitides. often granulomatous inflammation of large and medium-sized arteries. Vision loss, Unilateral headache.
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Vasculitis of Temporal Arteries a.k.a. Giant Cell
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Q. Name the disease? Inflammation of small and medium sized muscular arteries. Fibrinoid necrosis of the inner half of vessel wall. Hypertension, abdominal pain and black stools. Diagnose with HBsAg (+) 30%.
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Vasculitis of Polyarteritis Nodosa
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Q. Name the disease? Inflammation of medium-sized and small arteries, tibial and radial arteries and sometimes secondarily extending to veins and nerves. Men who are heavy cigarette smokers. Symptoms are Cold sensitivity of Raynaud type, limping and gangrene.
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Vasculitis of Thrombangitis Obliterans
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Q. Raynaud Disease
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Painful, paroxysmal pallor or cyanosis of the fingers and toes and infrequently tip of the nose and/or ears.
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Q. Raynauds Phenomenon?
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Refers to arterial insufficiency of the extremities secondary to arterial narrowing induced by SLE, scleroderma, atherosclerosis, or Buerger disease.
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Q. Aneurysms (General)?
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localized dilation of a blood vessel that most commonly occurs in aorta and the heart.
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Q. Name the disease? Caused by thinning of the aortic wall because of the presence of the atherosclerotic plaque. Usually positioned below renal arteries and above bifurcation of the aorta. pathology: Atherosclerosis,
Men above 50y old. Pulsating mass stimulates tumor. |
Aneurysms of Abdominal Aorta
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Q. Name the disease? Obliterative endoarteritis. “Tree-bark” sign. Location in thoracic and root of aorta is very characteristic. Sxm: difficulty swallowing, erosion of bones.
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Aneurysms (Syphilitic).
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Q. Name the disease? Formation of a blood-filled channel within the aortic wall. Men, hypertension >90%, Marfan syndome. “Double-barreled” aortas. Type A (proximal), Type B (Distal). Pain in the anterior chest, radiated in the back. CHF.
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Aneurysms (Aortic Dissection).
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Q. Name the disease? Increased intraluminal pressure or by loss of support. Long periods of standing. Obesity. Edema thrombosis, stasis dermatitis and ulcerations. Pulmonary thromboembolism.
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Varicose Veins
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Q. Name the disease? Caused from Neoplasia, postoperative state, immobilization, prolonged bed rest, acute appendicitis. Sxm: homans sign, pulmonary embolism.
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Phlebothrombosis aka deep vein thrombosis
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Q. Where are tumors common at on the body?
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Common in head and neck (skin), and liver.
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Q. Name the disease? Usually are located on the skin, subcutaneous tissues, mucous membranes of the oral cavity and lips, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Strawbery type, and regress in 90% of cases.
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Capillary Hemangioma (Birthmark)
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Q. Name the disease? Large, dilated vascular channels. Less circumscribed. Damaged nerves; repeated treatments necessary.
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Cavernous Hemangioma:
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Q. Name the disease? Usually developed after trauma. Extenssive edema, and acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Attached by a stalk to the skin and gingival or oral mucosa
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Lobular Capillary Hemangioma
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Q. Name the disease? Multiple red-to-purple plaques or nodules in distal lower extremities. Can be due to high doses of immunosuppressive therapy. Seen with herpesvirus type 8.
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Kaposis Sarcoma
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Q. Name the disease? Usually developed after trauma. Extenssive edema, and acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Attached by a stalk to the skin and gingival or oral mucosa
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Lobular Capillary Hemangioma
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Q. Name the disease? Adaptive mechanisms include: Frank-starling, Myocardial hypertrophy. Caused by Ischemic injury, hypertension, Left ventricle hypertrophy, Constrictive pericarditis.
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Congestive Heart Failure
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Q. Name the disease? Multiple red-to-purple plaques or nodules in distal lower extremities. Can be due to high doses of immunosuppressive therapy. Seen with herpesvirus type 8.
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Kaposis Sarcoma
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Q. Diastolic dysfunction?
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Inability of heart chamber to relax and fill.
Seen in CHF. |
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Q. Name the disease? Adaptive mechanisms include: Frank-starling, Myocardial hypertrophy. Caused by Ischemic injury, hypertension, Left ventricle hypertrophy, Constrictive pericarditis.
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Congestive Heart Failure
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Q. Systolic dysfunction?
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Deterioration of contractile function
Seen in CHF. |
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Q. Diastolic dysfunction?
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Inability of heart chamber to relax and fill.
Seen in CHF. |
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Q. Systolic dysfunction?
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Deterioration of contractile function
Seen in CHF. |
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Q. Name the disease? Dammin of blood within the pulmonary circulation. Lungs: congestion and edema. Dyspnea, Prerenal azotemia.
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CHF: Left Sided Heart Failure
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Q. Name the disease?Pulmonary hypertension. Congestive hepatomegaly. Congestive splenomegaly. Edema. Symptoms could be absent.
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CHF: Right Sided Heart Failure
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Q. Name the disease? Not enough oxygenated blood to heart muscle. Atherosclerosic coronary disease. Atherosclerotic plaques are located to left anterior descending (IMPORTANT). Intraluminal thrombosis.
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Ischemic Heart Disease
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Q. Name the disease? 90% caused by artherosclerosis. Occurs at rest, usually in the morning due to coronary spasm. USUALLY ONLY LASTS 10 MINS.
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Angina Pectoris
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Q. Name the disease? Death of muscle of heart because of blockage of coronary artery. Caused by smoking, hypertension. Transmural. Ischemic coagulative necrosis (contraction band).
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Myocardial Infarction
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Q. Name the disease? Rupture of heart happens within 1st week (On Quiz). Post effects: Reperfusion injury- new cellular damage during reperfusion by the generation of O2-free radicals.
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Myocardial Infarctions
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Q. Cansequences and complications of myocardial infarctions?
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Arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, Myocardial rupture (3-7d).
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Q. Name the disease?
Severe stenosing of atherosclerotic coronary arteries, with occlusion. Previous gray-white scars. Diffuse left ventricular myocardial fibrosis. |
Chronic Ischemic HD
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Q. Name the disease?
Disruption of atherosclerotic plaque. Fatal arrhythmia. |
Sudden Cardiac Death
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Q. Name the disease?
Circumferential hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement. Consequences: Atrial fibrillation: caused by stretching of the wall. |
Hypertensive Heart Disease
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Q. Name the disease? Acute cor pulmonale – massive pulmonary embolism. Chronic cor pulmonale is mostly caused by primary pulmonary hypertension or emphysema.
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Pulmonary Right Sided
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Q. Name the disease? Common Causes: Mitral stenosis, Mitral insufficiency, Aortic stenosis, Aortic insufficiency.
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Valvular Heart Disease
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Q. Name the disease? Acute, immunologically mediated, multisystem inflammatory. Group A (β-hemolytic) streptococcal pharyngitis. Present with Pancarditis 50%. Morphology: Aschof bodies, BREAD AND BUTTER pERICARDITIS.
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ACUTE Rheumatic Fever.
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Q. What is the most important consequence of Rheumatic Fever?
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Rheumatic Heart Disease with mitral stenosis
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Q. Name the disease? Deforming fibrosis of the mitral valve – mitral stenosis (99%). Fish mouth or buttonhole stenosis. Dilation of left atrium, and mural thrombosis.
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CHRONIC Rheumatic Fever
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Q. Name the disease? Streptolysin O and DNAse B are present. Migratory arthritis. Acute carditis. Chronic R carditis with cardiac murmurs.
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Rheumatic Fever with Rheumatic Heart Disease BOTH
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Q. Name the disease? Calcified masses. Cusps are fibrosed and thickened. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Calcification of a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve. Infective endocarditis.
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Calcific Aortic Stenosis
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Q. Name the disease? One or both mitral leaflets are enlarged, hooded, floppy, and prolapse or balloon back into the left atrium during systole. Auscultation: midsystolic click. Deposition of mucoid material on the fibrosa layer of the valve.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Q. Name the disease? Most common cause of the acute form is Staphilococcus aureus. Most common cause of the subacute form is Streptococcus Viridans. Transmitted by dental or surgical procedure. Splint hemorrhages in the nails, Roth Spots.
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Inefective Endocarditis.
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Q. What are 3 clinical Sxm of inefective endocarditis?
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Fever, chills, heart murmurs
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Q. What are 2 causes of myocardial diseases? What is their morphology?
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#1 Alcohol abuse, #2 Myocarditis.
Thinning of the ventricular walls |
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Q. Name the disease? Banana-like configuration of the left ventricle. Autosomal dominant. Harsh systolic ejection murmur, Angina.
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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Q. Name the disease? Causes: Amyloidosis (#1)
Hemochromatosis (#2). Biatrial dilation (of atriums, not ventricles). |
Restrictive CardioMyopathy
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Q. Name the disease? Most common are viruses (coxsackiviruses A,B). Interstitial inflammatory infiltrate with focal necrosis. Palpations, and pale foci.
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Myocarditis
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Q. Name the disease? Usually secondary to infections, cardiac diseases, immune-mediated diseases, cancers, or systemic disorders. Loud pericardial friction rub.
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Pericarditis
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Q. Name the disease?Concretio cordis – pericardial space is obliterated, and the heart is encased in a dense, adherent layer of scar, with or without calcification.
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Constrictive Pericarditis
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Q. Name the disease? Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Incomplete closer of the ventricular septum. Correction by 1 year old.
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LEFT to right Shunt; LATE Cyanosis.
Congenital Heart Disease |
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Q. Name the disease? Tetrology of Fallot: 1. VSD
2. Subpulmonary stenosis 3. An aorta that overrides the VSD 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy. BOOT SHAPED HEART. |
RIGHT to left shunts; EARLY cyanosis.
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Q. Name the disease?
A hole in the middle of the heart. |
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
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