Path 12: Enviro/tox

Front 1

sources of CO

Back 1

fuel fired furnaces, fireplaces, charcoal grills, gas water heaters, gas stoves or dyers, cars

Front 2

sxs of CO poisoning

Back 2

"Good night out" headache, nausea, breathlessness, collapse, dizziness, loss of consciousness

Front 3

mechanism of CO poisoning

Back 3

CO replaces O2 in Hb, 200x affinity

Front 4

Tx of CO poisoning

Back 4

remove, 100% O2 t1/2= 80 minutes

Front 5

mechanism of lead poisoning

Back 5

competes with Ca, inhibits heme biosynthesis

Front 6

Sxs of Lead posoning

Back 6

kids-slow, encephalopathy, radiodense deposites in epiphysis,

adults-headache, memory loss, demyelination of peripheral n. 

both-lead line in gingiva, anemia, BASOPHILIIC STIPPLING OF RBCs, chronic tubulointerstitial disease of kidney, abdonminal pain, Note sxs are reversible in adults but not in kids

Front 7

Lead lab assessement screening and confirmatory

Back 7

screen-0-16 y/o, blood level screen; confirm-blood lead, EP or ZPP (heme synthesis), look for basophilic stippling of RBCs

Front 8

sources of mercury

Back 8

electronics and plastics industry, fungicides, dentistry, fish

Front 9

Mercury toxicity-elemental =, salt, organic

Back 9

elemental-neuro damage, tremos, emotional distrubances;

mercury salts (industrial)-breather ingest, kidney damage, GI pain, vomiting, anemia, shock;

organic mercury (bacteria convert mercury salts into methyl mercury) "Minamata disease"=in utero exposure, cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness

Front 10

Sources of arsenic

Back 10

Foudrys, wood preservative, soil, water, pesticides

Front 11

routes of arsenic exposure

Back 11

inhalation, ingestion, dermal

Front 12

Signs of arsenic toxicity acute and chronic

Back 12

acute- gastric pain, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle cramps, hypertension, tachycardia;

Chronic-hyperpigmentation, peripheral neuropathy, weight loss, liver damage/ jaundice, renal failure, lukopenia/thrompocytopenia

Front 13

Mee's lines are a sign of which toxicity

Back 13

arseic, appear ~6 weeks ater the onset osxs, estimate time of exposure

Front 14

Sources of cadmium exposure

Back 14

food supplies-water, batteries, acid food or drink form cadmium lined cans

Front 15

sxs of cadmium exposure acute and chronic

Back 15

acute-nausea, vomiting, prostration; chronic-skeletal anbnormalities (competes with Ca), obstructive lung disease, renal tox, ESRD

Front 16

A pt with pink or cherry color skin and gums and sxs of severe hang over

Back 16

CO poisonning

Front 17

Pt with mental slowness, radio-dense depositis in epiphysis, basophilic stippling of RBCs, lines in gingiva, low SES

Back 17

lead poisoning

Front 18

pt with lines on fingernails, garlic like breath and metallic taste in mouth

Back 18

arsenic

Front 19

ppt with neurological damage who eats lots of fish

Back 19

mercury

Front 20

What is the antidote to heavy metal poisoning

Back 20

chelating agents

Front 21

organic solvent exposure acute and chronic

Back 21

acute-dizziness, confusion, CNS depression, coma; Chronic-leukemia, disruption of hematopoietic differentiation in BM

Front 22

organochlorines exposure (DDT, PCB, dioxin)

Back 22

folliculitis, chlorance, hyperpigmentation, liver abnormalities

Front 23

Polycylic hyrocarbon exposure

Back 23

potent carcinogens, scrotal cancer

Front 24

define hypothermia

Back 24

core temp <95

Front 25

what are the two mechanisms of injury by hypothermia

Back 25

1. direct- crystallization of water=physical disruption of organeeles 2. indirect-circultory changes, vasoconstriction, edmena, sudden drop=ischemic injury, hypoxic changes, infarction

Front 26

Signs and Sxs of hypothermia

Back 26

"umbles" stumbles, mumbles, fumbles, grumbles, slurre speech, delirium, hallucinations, hypoventillation, hypotension, coma, death

Front 27

define hyperthermia

Back 27

core tmp >104

Front 28

signs and sxs of hyperthermia, heat cramps, heat exhuastion, heat stroke

Back 28

cramps-loss of electors through sweating, cramping of voluntary muscles but normal body temp;

exhuastion-sudden onset with prostration and collapse, CV system fials to compensate for hypovolemia secondary to water depletion;

stroke-themoregulation fails, sweating ceases, vasodilation and pooling Necrosis of heart/ muscle, arrthmia, DIC

Front 29

RIsk groups for hyperthermia

Back 29

elderly, underlying condition, infants, obese, alcoholics, poor, intense physical stress

Front 30

Effects of low voltage electorcution

Back 30

depolarization of cells, heat production , ventricular fibrolation, small or absent skin burns with pitted crater like appearane w/ charring in the center

Front 31

effects of high voltage electrocution

Back 31

intial cardiac standstill, heat produciton= CNS damage, respiratory arrest, extensive skin burns

Front 32

clninica effects of radiaiton depend on (4)

Back 32

type, dose, duration, mode

Front 33

tissue suceptibility to radiation exposure

Back 33

most=highest mitotic activity=lymphoid, bone marrow, mucosa of GI;
least=bone, brain, muscle, skin

Front 34

Gray scale of radiation exposure

Back 34

0-50 n sxs,
50-200=acute syndrome, fatigue, vomiting,
200-600 leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
600-1000 GI syndrome, mucosal ulceration, electrolyte loss50-100% mortality,
>1000-Cerebral syndrome, 100% mortality