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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypersensitivity
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excessive or aberant immune response that causes pathology
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anergy
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function inactivation, a means of controlling self reactivity or other inapropriate responses, costimulators involved
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Antigen
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a substance/molecule that can cause the production of Ab
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immunogen
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a substance/molecule that can cause an immune response
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PALS
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periarteriolar lymphoid sheath, area of splenic white pulp of T cell population
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paracortex
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LN area where T cells encounter APC's
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juntional diversity
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at TCR recombination the name fro producing diversity by VDJ recombination
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AIRE
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autoimmune regulator a TF expressed in the thymus, causes expression of genes to present different tissue specific antigens on X (immunological self shadow). Negative selection prevents autoimmune diseases
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APECED
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autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, failure of AIRE that results in autoimmunity against endocrine antigens
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Invariant chain
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a polypeptide that binds to binding cleft the in development of MHCII in rough ER, prevents self antigen binding, this binding signals endosome to bind and then cathepsin S cleaves invariant chain to leave CLIP
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HLA-DM
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disociates CLIP in MHC II binding cleft and catalyses peptide binding, this readies the MHC and peptide for surface expression
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Primary immune response
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this is first exposure to antigen, innate then adaptive response, creation of Ab and memory
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secondary immune response
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second/subsequent interaction with known antigen, specific response quickly and strongly (Ab and specific T cells), more specific due to somatic hypermutation
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IL-2
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antigen binding to TCR causes IL-2 release inducing Th2 response. Also for development and maturation of Treg
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Il-17
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induces and medite inflammation, associated with allergy, Th17 cells and autoimmune diseases
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Perforin
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cytolytic protein of CD8 and NK cell granules, creates a perforation in targeted cells for the entrance of granzyme
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granzyme
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serine protease that induces apoptosis, enters cells after perforin perforation by NK and CD8 cells, cleaves caspases to create destructive DNAses
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HLA-A
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binds to B microglobulin to form MHC I, has 3 extra-cellular domains the outer 2 form the antigen binding cleft.
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HLA-DR
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forms MHC II that is a ligand for the TCR
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primary lymphedema
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lymphedema is oedema due to LN blockage, primary is where this is due to an inherited condition of missing or underdeveloped LN's
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secondary lyphedema
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oedema brought on by disease or other pathology affecting LN's, commonly after LN dissection esp in breast cancer.
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PAMP
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pathogen associated molecular patterns that are recognised by pattern recognition receptors like TLR's to start an innate immune response (lipopolysaccaride on bacterial wall)
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PRR
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pattern recognition receptors found on cells of the innate immune system, TLR's, mannose receptor (complement) bind PAMPS
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