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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a neutrophil?
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The phagocyte (anti-microbial, most abundant)
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What is an eosinophil?
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The parasite destroyer & allergy inducer
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What is a basophil?
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The allergy helper (IgE receptor => histamine release)
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What is a monocyte?
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The destroyer => myeloperoxidase (coffee bean nucleus)
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What is a lymphocyte?
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The warriors (T, B, NK cells)
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What is a platelet?
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Makes clots (no nuclei, smallest cells)
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What is a blast?
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Baby hematopoietic cells
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What is a band?
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Baby neutrophil
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What does high WBC and high PMNs tells you?
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Stress demargination
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What does high WBC and <5% blasts tell you?
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-Leukemoid rxn (seen in burn pts)
-Extreme demargination, looks like leukemia |
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What does high WBC and >5% blasts tell you?
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Leukemia
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What does high WBC and bands tell you?
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Left shift, infection
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What does high WBC and B cells tell you?
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Bacterial infection
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What diseases have high eosinophils?
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"NAACP"
-Neoplasm -Allergy/Asthma -Addison's disease (no cortisol -> relative eosinophilia) -Collagen vascular disease -Parasites |
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What diseases have high monocytes (>15%)?
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"STELS"
-Syphilis (chancre, rash, warts) -TB (hemoptysis, night sweats) -EBV (teen sick for a month) -Listeria (sick baby) -Salmonella (food poisoning) |
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What does a high reticulocyte count (>1%) tell you?
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RBC being destroyed peripherally
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What does a low reticulocyte count tell you?
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Bone marrow not responding (decreased production)
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What is poikilocytosis?
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Different shapes
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What is anisocytosis?
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Different sizes
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What is the RBC lifespan?
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120 days
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What is the platelet lifespan?
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7 days
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What does -penia mean?
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Low levels (usually due to virus or drugs)
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What does -cytosis mean?
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High levels
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What does -cythemia mean?
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High levels
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What is the difference between plasma and serum?
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-Plasma: no RBCs
-Serum: no RBCs or fibrinogen |
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What is chronic granulomatous disease?
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-NADPH oxidase deficiency
-Recurrent Staph, Aspergillus infections -Nitroblue tetrazolium stain neg |
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What does MPO deficiency cause?
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Catalase (+) infections
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What is Chediak Higashi?
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-Lazy leukocyte syndrome
-Lysosomes are slow to fuse around bacteria |
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What organ can make RBCs if the long bones are damaged?
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Spleen (splenomegaly)
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What causes a shift to the right in the Hb curve?
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"CADETS face right"
-CO2 increase/pH decrease -Acid/Altitude -2,3-DPG increase -Exercise -Temperature increase |
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How does CO poison Hb?
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-Competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb
-Cherry-red lips, pinkish skin hue |
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How does cyanide poison Hb?
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-Non-competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb
-Cyanotic -Almond breath |
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What is MetHb?
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Hb w/ Fe3+
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What is Acute Intermittent Porphyria?
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-Increase porphyrin, urine delta-ALA, porphobilinogen
-Abdominal pain, neuropathy, red urine |
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What is Porphyria Cutanea Tarda?
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-Sunlight->skin blisters due to porphyrin deposits
-Woods lamp = orange-pink |
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What is Erythrocytic Protoporphyria?
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Porphyria cutanea tarda in a baby
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What is Sickle cell disease?
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-Homozygous HbS (Glu->Val)
-Vaso-occlusion, necrosis, dactylitis at 6 mos. -Protects against malaria |
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What is Sickle cell trait?
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-Heterozygous HbS
-Painless hematuria -Sickle with extreme hypoxia (can't be pilot, fireman, diver) |
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What is HbC disease?
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-HbC (Glu->Lys)
-Still charged, no sickling |
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What is alpha-thalassemia?
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-1 deletion: normal
-2 deletions: "trait", microcytic anemia -3 deletions: hemolytic anemia, HbH = 4 beta subunits -4 deletions: hydrops fetalis, HbBarts = 4 gamma subunits |
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What is beta-thalassemia?
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-1 deletion: "beta minor", increase HbA2 and HbF
-2 deletions: "trait/intermedia/major", only HbA2 and HbF -Show hypoxia at 6 mos. |
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What is Cooley's anemia?
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-Seen with beta-thalassemia major (no HbA->excess RBC production)
-Baby making RBCs everywhere -Frontal bossing, hepatosplenomegaly, long extremities |
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What is Virchow's Triad?
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Thrombosis risk factors
1-Turbulent blood flow 2-Hypercoagulable 3-Vessel wall damage |
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What does acute hypoxia cause?
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SOB
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What does chronic hypoxia cause?
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Clubbing of fingers/toes
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What is intravascular hemolysis?
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-RBC destroyed in blood vessels
-Low haptoglobin (binds free Hb in vasculature) |
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What is extravascular hemolysis?
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-RBC destroyed in spleen
-Problem w/ RBC membrane -> splenomegaly |
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What enzymes need lead (Pb)?
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-delta-ALA dehydrase
-Ferrochelatase |
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What does EDTA bind?
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Divalent cations (Calcium, Magnesium, etc)
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What disease has a smooth philtrum?
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
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What disease has sausage digits?
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William's
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What disease has 6 fingers?
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Trisomy 13 (Patau's)
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What disease has 2-jointed thumbs?
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Diamond-Blackfan
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What disease has painful fingers?
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Sickle cell disease
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What are the Microcytic Hypochromic anemias?
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"FAST Lead"
-Fe deficiency -Anemia of chronic disease -Sideroblastic anemia -Thalassemia (alpha & beta) -Lead poisoning |
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What are the Intravascular Hemolytic anemias?
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IgM
-G6PD deficiency -Cold autoimmune |
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What are the Extravascular Hemolytic anemias?
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IgG
-Spherocytosis -Warm autoimmune -Paroxysmal cold autoimmune -Sickle cell anemia |
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What are the production anemias?
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-Diamond-Blackfan = no RBCs; 2-jointed thumbs
-Aplastic anemia = Pancytopenia; autoimmune; caused by benzene, AZT, CAM, radiation |
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What is basophilic stippling?
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-Lots of immature cells
-Increase mRNA (Lead poisoning) |
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What is a bite/basket cell?
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Unstable Hb inclusions (G6PD deficiency)
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