Parts Of The Brain

Front 1

3 Types of Glial Cells

Back 1

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann Cells

Microglia

Astrocytes

Front 2

Characteristics of Glial Cells

Back 2

Same number as Neurons

Regulates what a neuron does/ acts as a support system.

Keeps the synapse insulated

Communicates on its own

Front 3

Oligodendrocytes

Back 3

Helps insulate axons

Deals with the neurons in the CNS

Insulates more than one axon

Front 4

Schwann Cells

Back 4

Helps insulate Neurons

Deals with Neurons in the PNS

Smaller than Oligodendrocytes, but it wraps its whole body around the axon.

Front 5

Microglia

Back 5

A cleanup crew that responds to damage and disease in a particular area.

Starts the process of inflammation

Front 6

Astrocytes

Back 6

Shaped like a star

Helps give the neuron structure

Largest of the glial cells

Controls synapse

Communication

Front 7

3 Major Divisions of the Brain

Back 7

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Front 8

Structures that make up the Forebrain

Back 8

Cerebral Cortex/Cerebrum

Limbic System

Thalamus

Basal Ganglia

Massa Intermedia

Lateral Geniculate Nuclei

Ventral Geniculate Nuclei

Medial Geniculate Nuclei

Front 9

Structures of the Cerebral Cortex

Back 9

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Front 10

Frontal Lobe

Back 10

Decision making

Emotion

Inhibitory control

Personality

Motor Strip- located at the back of the FL

Left frontal cortex- Brocha's area

Front 11

Parietal Lobe

Back 11

Sensory Strip is located at the front of the parietal lobe which is involved in feeling.

Somatosensory cortex- visual, spatial cognition, and mathematic thought.

Front 12

Temporal Lobe

Back 12

Auditory Cortex

Wernicke's Area- speech comprehension

Music Perception

Front 13

Occipital Lobe

Back 13

Visual Cortex

Integration, interpretation, acts on info.

Front 14

Parts of the Limbic System

Back 14

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Cingulate Cortex

Mammillary Bodies

Fornix

Septum

Front 15

Amygdala

Back 15

Emotion

Recognizing emotion

Demonstrating Emotion

Front 16

Hippocampus

Back 16

Looks like a "sea horse"

Memory and the consolidation of memory =>

Short term to Long term

Spatial memory- where objects are in space

Influenced by sleep

Front 17

Cingulate Cortex

Back 17

Associated with inhibition

Regulates cognitive and emotional responses.

Divided into Anterior and Posterior parts

Front 18

Fornix

Back 18

Connects the Hippocampus to the Mammillary Cortex

Front 19

Septum

Back 19

In charge of all feelings of pleasure

Front 20

Mammillary Cortex

Back 20

Deals with memory

Front 21

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 21

You have trouble with declarative memories such as remembering your name.

You have no trouble in remembering procedural memory.

Your spatial memory is also affected.

Front 22

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Back 22

Some Autonomic Regulation

-air detection

-executive functioning

-pain/ physical and social

Front 23

Posterior Cingulate Cortex

Back 23

Eye movements and memory

Front 24

Massa Intermedia

Back 24

Joins the two lobes together

Front 25

Thalamus

Back 25

Relay station for the senses

Front 26

Lateral Geniculate Nuclei

Back 26

Vision

Front 27

Medial Geniculate Nuclei

Back 27

Auditory

Front 28

Ventral Geniculate Nuclei

Back 28

Feeling

Front 29

Hypothalamus

Back 29

Means "below the thalamus"

Involved in eating, sleeping, drinking, sexual behavior, temperature

Front 30

Pituitary Gland

Back 30

Sends out hormones/ Neurotransmitters

Front 31

Optic Chiasm

Back 31

Where the optic nerves cross each other

Front 32

Basal Ganglia

Back 32

Involved in movement and motor skills

Some problems asso. with the BG

-Parkinson's disease

-Huntington's disease

-ADD and OCD

Front 33

Midbrain Structures

Back 33

Tectum

Inferior colliculi

Superior colliculi

Tegmentum

Reticular Formation

Periaqueductal gray

Substantia nigra

Red Nucleus

Front 34

Tectum

Back 34

Roof

Front 35

Superior colliculi

Back 35

Auditory processing

Auditory guidance in movement

Front 36

Inferior colliculi

Back 36

Visual processing

Visual guidance in movement

Front 37

Tegmentum

Back 37

Covering

Front 38

Reticular Formation

Back 38

Alertness and arousal

Regulate sleep; REM sleep esp.

2 types:

Raphe Nuclei

Locus Coeruleus

Front 39

Cerebral Aqueduct

Back 39

Holds the cerebral fluid

Front 40

Periaqueductal Gray

Back 40

Pain perception

Processing pain

Front 41

Substantia Nigra

Back 41

Motor movement

Deterioration of this is shown in Parkinson's disease.

Front 42

Red Nucleus

Back 42

Motor movement

Front 43

Hindbrain Structures

Back 43

Medulla

Reticular Formation

Pons

Cochleau Nucleus

Vestibular Nucleus

Front 44

Medulla

Back 44

Basic life functions

-heartbeat

-breathing

-blood pressure

-autonomic functions

Front 45

Pons

Back 45

Bridge between the medulla and higher centers of the brain.

Also connects to the cerebellum

Front 46

Cochleau Nucleus

Back 46

Hearing and sensory

Front 47

Vestibular Nucleus

Back 47

Involved in balance

Front 48

Cerebellum

Back 48

Balance

Movement

Coordination

Maintaining muscle tone

-associated with higher level cognitive functioning such as language

-first place affected by alcohol

Front 49

Gyrus

Back 49

Hills of Cortex (Gryi)

Front 50

Suclus

Back 50

Valleys of Cortex (Sulci)

Front 51

Fissure

Back 51

Very deep sulcus