Parts Of Cell And Function

Front 1

Nucleus

Back 1

double envelope/membrane
nucleoplasm
chromosomes
nucleolus (site of RNA synthesis)

Front 2

Histones

Back 2

winding proteins
serve as winding points for eukaryotic DNA

Front 3

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 3

Absent in prokaryotes
Eukaryotes-synthesis and processing of proteins and lipids

Front 4

Golgi apparatus

Back 4

Absent in prokaryotes
Eukaryotes-lipid synthesis and secretion of materials

Front 5

plasmid

Back 5

Mainly found in Prokaryotic cells, some Eukaryotic cells
extrachromosomal DNA
antibiotic resistance
heavy metal resistance
resistance to some disinfectants
enzymes for the degradation of a complex chemical
genetic information of non-essential functions

Front 6

Cytoskeleton

Back 6

Prokaryotes
actin cytoskeleton present
consists of long polymers of actin arranged in helical ribbons around the cell
located under the cell membrane
found in rod shaped and spiral bacteria
confer cell shape and influence peptidoglycan synthesis

Front 7

fimbriae

Back 7

many per cell
Function-adherence to surfaces

Front 8

pili

Back 8

few/cell and longer than fimbriae.
Involved in conjugation (form of genetic exchange.)

Front 9

mitochondrion

Back 9

prokaryotes-Energy metabolism takes place in cytoplasm and along cytoplasmic membrane.
eukaryotes-Double membrane structure with its own DNA and 70S ribosomes.
Self-replicating.

Front 10

Endosymbiotic theory

Back 10

Mitochondria were originally small prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells. Smaller cells survived and became established in the larger cell.
Conducts aerobic respiration and increases the energy availability for host cell.

Front 11

ribosomes

Back 11

site of protein synthesis
made up of two subunits

Front 12

cytoplasm

Back 12

Semi-liquid, viscous, transparent material containing ions, functional groups, water molecules, vitamins, minerals, enzymes etc.
Contains all the intracellular components needed for cell to functions

Front 13

microfilaments

Back 13

thin protein strands
Connect from cytoplasmic membrane and form network through cytoplasm.

Front 14

microtubules

Back 14

long, hollow tubes that maintain cell shape and transport materials throughout the cell.