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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This structure contains the cardiac control center to regualte heart rate?
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Medulla
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This contains center that regulates breathing.
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Pons & Medulla
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This structure is inferior to the diencepholon?
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Pons & Midbrain.
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This contains the auditory center that controls refexes turning a response to a sound?
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Midbrain
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Bulging region on anterior portion of the brain stem?
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Pons
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Forms the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle?
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Thalmus
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Regulates body temperature?
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Hypothalmus
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Corodinates balance?
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Cerebellum
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This is the major relay station?
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Thalmus
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This tructure contains the pineal gland?
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Eptithalamus
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This structure is involved in the regulation of sleep wake cycles?
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Hypothalmus
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The 2nd largest region of the brain?
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Cerebrellum
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This structure controls the ANS?
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Hypothalmus.
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What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?
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Medualla
Pons Midbrain |
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Where is the cerebrellum located?
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Behind the brain stem.
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Where is the diencephalon located?
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Superior to the brain stem.
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What are the 3 parts of the deincephalon?
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Thalmus
Hypothalmus epithalmus |
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Where is the pineal gland located?
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In the epithalmus.
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What is above the diencephalon?
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Cerebrum
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What are the 5 parts od the cerebrum?
FPOTI |
Frontal
pariteal Occiptal temporal Incus |
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What is the coroanl view?
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Front section view
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What is a rostral view?
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Closer to the front of the head.
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What is a caudal view?
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Closer to the back of the head.
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A sagital view will do what to the head?
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Cut it into top and bottom pieces.
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What are the 3 protective coverings of the brain?
DAP |
Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater Pia Mater |
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What layer is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater?
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Subdural space.
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How does the brain get food?
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Through the circle of Willis.
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In which space does CSF circulate through?
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Subarachnoid space.
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Where is the subarachnoid space?
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Between the aracnoid mater and the pia mater.
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What are the names of the cavities that the CSF flows through?
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Lateral ventricles
to the 3rd ventricle and into the 4th ventricle. |
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What is the location of the 3rd ventricle?
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The 3rd ventricle between the R & L halves of the thalmus and between the ventricles of the brain.
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Where is the 4th ventricle?
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it is on the posterior portion of the brain stem and anterior to the cerebrellum.
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What are the 3 functions of CSF?
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Mechanical protection
Chemical protection Circualtion - exchange of stuff. |
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Where is CSF made?
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Chorioid Plexus
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Where is CSF reabsorbed into the body?
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Arachnoid Villi
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Where is the arachnoid villi?
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In the vinous sinuses - esp. the superior sagital sinus.
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The ventricles in the brain are conneted by what?
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passageways called foramina and aqueducts.
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What makes CSF?
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Choroid plexuses.
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Where is the brain stem?
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Between the spinal cord and the diencephalon.
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What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?
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Medulla
Pons Midbrain |
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Where is the Medualla?
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Below the Pons and above the spinal cord.
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The brain stem is what to the spinal cord?
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Superior to the spinal cord.
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What are the 2 bulges in the medulla?
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The pyramids.
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Where are the pyramids?
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Just below the pons.
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What is in the medulla?
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White matter - contains all sensory, asscending and motor decending tracts.
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The pyramids cross - whats the name?
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Decussation of the pyramids.
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What is the deccusation of the pyramids?
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This is the crosiing it explians why each side of the brain is controls movement on the opposite side of the body.
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What 2 specific nuclei are in the medulla?
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Cardiovascular center
Medullary rhythmic center |
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What does the cardiovascular center regulate?
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regualts the rate and force of the heartbeat and the diamater of the blood vessels.
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What does the Medullary Rhythmic center monitor?
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the basic rhythm of breathing.
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This other reflex is in the medulla what is it?
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Refexes for coughing, vomiting, swallowing, hiccuping and sneezing.
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What is located in ech pyramid?
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The olive
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What does the olive do?
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Monitors joint and muscle positions.
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What is the most inferior part of the brain?
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Medulla.
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PONs aka
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The bridge
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What does the pons do?
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its the bridge that connets the brain with one another.
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What does the pons control?
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Helps to control breathing rate.
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These 2 areas in the pons help to regualte breathing rate?
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Apenustic area
Pneuromotaxic area |
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where is the midbrain
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above the pons
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What spilts the midbrain in 2
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the cerebral aqueduct passes through the midbrain connecting the 3rd ventricle w the 4th ventricle.
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midbrain aka
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mesencephalon
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Where is the cerebral penduncles?
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in the midbrain
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What does the cerebral penduncles do?
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it condust nerve impulses from the cerebrum to the spinal cord, pons and the medulla
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Back part of midbrain 2 imp. things?
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Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi |
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What does the superior colloculi do?
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Controls the movement of the eyes, headm and neck in response to visual stimuli.
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the inferior colloculi does this
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relays impulses for hearing in the ear into the thalmus
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The 2 colloculli togetther are responsbile for this reflex?
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Starter reflex
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Waht is the starter reflex?
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The sudden movements of the head and body that occur when you are surprised by a loud noise
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Where is the substantia nigra?
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In the midbrain
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What does substantia nigra do?
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Controls subconscious motor activites
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what color is the substantia nigra?
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Black.
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Loss of neruosn from the substantia nigra leads to
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pARKINSON DISEASE.
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What is the function of the recticular formation system?
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Regualte muscle tone.
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This system is responsible for maintianing concsciousness and is active during awakening form sleep?
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Reticular activating system
alarm clock wake up |
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What activates the cerebral cortex?
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RAS - reticular activating system.
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where is the cerebellum?
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Located behind the spianl stem
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What contains 1/2 the neurons of the brain?
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Cerebrellum
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this seperates the cerebellum form the cerebrum?
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Transverse fissure
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What is the job of the cerebellum?
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maintians normal muscle tone, posture and balance.
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What is the priamry job of the cerebellum?
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Its primary job is to evaluate how ell are movements ininited in the cerebrum are actually being carried out .
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What happens in the cerebellum when movements started in the cererum are screwed up?
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The cerebellum detects the discrepancies and corrects them.
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What else does the cerebellum do?
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Regualtes posture and balance
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Cerebellum has these 2 motor functions?
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Acquisition of knowledge and langauge processing.
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What a sigh that the cerebellum has been damaged?
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Ataxia - w/o order a person would be staggerring like hes drunk slurred speech
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Wheres the diencephalon?
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extends from the brain stem to the cerebrum
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Name the 3 parts to the diencephalon
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Thalmus
Hypothalmus Epithalmus |
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Wheres the thalmus located?
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Large oval structure located bilaterally on either side of the thrid ventricle.
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Whats the thalmus' job
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it is the main relay center for sensory impuses ascending to the cerebral cortex.
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Tahlmus has also been called this
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the gateway to the cerebrum
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The thalmus is like a
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email server.
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what does the thalmus connect?
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the hypothalmus to the limbic system
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the quick way to find the thalmus look for the oval under the what
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Under the corpus collasum
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The thalmus relays all sensory signals except htis one
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smell
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the crebral cortec sends these siganls through what to maintian consciuosnees?
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the thalmus
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How do you find the hypothalmus
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its above the pituitary gland
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what 2 other things is the thalmus associattd with
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Pian and temperature.
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Hypothalmus is under the what?
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The thalmus
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what does the Hypothalmus connect
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the brain to the pituitary
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What does the hypothalmus control
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Hunger, body weight, body temperature, water balance
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The sleep and wake cycle is regualted by this
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Hypothalmus.
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Body temperature is regulated by this
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Hypothalmus
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H.T. is resposible for this also
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homeostasis
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HT =
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hypothalmus
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Where is the mammilary region on the HT
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most psoterior part of HT
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what do mammilary bodies llok like
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a set of mans balls projecting out
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what so the mammilary bodies do
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relay statiosn for reflexes related to the sense of smell
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What is the name of the structuer that connect the HT to the pituitary gland?
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Infundibulum
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What surrouns the Infundibulum
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Median emeience.
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IMp. Functions of the HP
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controls ANS
Makes hormones regulation of emotional behavior Thirst center - regulation of eating and drinking |
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Most IMP. Func. of HP is
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This is the bodys internal clock.
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Where is the epithalmus
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above the thalmus and posterior tot he thalmus
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What is in the epithalmus
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pineal gland
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pineal gland is part of the endocirne system because it secretes this
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Melatonin
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What does melatonin do
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Promotes sleepiness sets the body biological clock
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Name one imp. nulceis in the epithalmus
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the habenular nuclei
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waht does the habennular do
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it is the olfaction emotional response
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it is the olfaction emotional response - explain it
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emotional response to an odor ie the smell of somehting pulls up a memroy
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what is the top part of the brain
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cerebrum
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how is the cerebrum spilt
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right down the middle into 2 halves/hemispheres
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What is the functions of the serebrum
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write, speak, read, amke calcualtions, rem. the past, iamgine, paln for the future etc.
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what is the top layer of the cerebrum
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cerebral cortex
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What are gyri?
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the small folds you see in the cerebral cortex
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what is a sulci
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the shallow grooves of the cerebral cortex
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what seperates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
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the longitudanl fissure runs from the front of head to the back right down the middle
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what is a fissure
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The deepest groove.
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what does the corpus collasum do
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connects the 2 hemispheres
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where do you find the corpus collasum
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big white thing in the center of the brain superior to the thalmus
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what are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum
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frontal
parietal occipital temporal INSULA |
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what does the INSULA lobe do
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involved in the sensing of taste
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where is the central sulcus
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sperates the frontal lobe form the pariteal lobe - on top between them
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where is the lateral cerebral sulcus
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seperates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
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where are basal ganlia found
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within each cerebral hemisphere
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How many masses of nuclei to the basal ganlia
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3 masses
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the basal ganlia is an exception to this rule
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ganlion means a clloection of neuronal cell bodies OUTSIDE THE CNS
BASAL Ganlia are the exception |
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Basal Ganglia are then?
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clusters of cell bodies in the brain
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basal ganlia 2 basic functions
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Regulate the initiation and termination of movement
Controls the subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles. |
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If damgae to the Basal ganglai what happens
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Uncontrollable shaking, invoulntary muscle movements, and muscualr rigidity
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What disease is associated with damge to the basal ganglia
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Parkinsons
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Name the 3 basal ganglia
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Globus pallidus
Putamen caudate nucleus |
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Limbic system = the
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emotional brain
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the limbic system is found where
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Forms a ring around the diencephalon
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limbic system functions = whole range of emotions
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pain, plaesure, affection, anger, and involved in smell and memory
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where is the hippocampus
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located inside the temporal lobe one on each side of the brain
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hippocampus functions in
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memory
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if hippocampus is damaged what happens
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you forgt recent events and cant commit anything to memroy
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olfactory bulbs where
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the bulblike distal end of the olfactory lobe where the olfactory nerves begin
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What is the function of the olfactory bulb
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Involved in the perception of odors
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Whats in white matter?
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it contains myelinated axons
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Whats in grey matter
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everything else
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what is perception
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the conscious awareness of a sensation
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what are the 2 speech areas of the brain
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Brocas area
Wernicke area |
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where is broca area
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in the left hemisphere of the frontal lobe
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what does brocas area do
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transfers thought to speech
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if brocas area is injured what the sign
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you can still form words but you cant speak nothing nada zip
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wernicke area is where
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between the frontal and the occipital lobe left hemisphere
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whats the function of wernicke
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acitve in recognizing the spoken word, interprets the meaning of speech,
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wernickes injured then what
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You have word salad - you can still pseak but its all screwed up - fluent aphasia
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optic nerve does this
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its entirely sensory it conducts nerve impulses for vision
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what does the optic nerve transmit?
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transmits visual information from the retina to the brain
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optic nerve connects your eyeball to the
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brain
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optic chisma what happens here
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its the crossing branch of the optic nerve
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hemispheric lateralization means
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brain is symetical into left and right units - each hemisphere specializes in perfroming certian tasks
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Left brain people do better at
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spoken written language
More imp. for reasoning ability to undertand sigh language numerical and scitific methods |
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Right hemisphere people do better at
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artsey stuff
spatial and apttern recogniton generating mental images |
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hemispheric lateralization is
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different form person to person
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most times hemispheric lateralization is referring to
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left side of brain controlling the right side of the body and vs. a vs.
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frontal lobe 4 functions
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Higher intelectual function
personality verbal communication voulntary motor control of skeltal muscle |
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Parietal lobe 3 F's
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sensory interpretation
understanding speech orientation |
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occipital lobe 3 F.s
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concsious perception of visual stimlui
integration of eye focusing movement correlation of visual experiences with previous visual expereinces |
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Insula lobe 2 F's
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Interpretation of taste
Memory of taste |
