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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DISEASE/FINDING
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MOST COMMON/IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS
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Testicular tumor
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Seminoma
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Thyroid cancer
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Papillary carcinoma
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Tumor in women
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Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
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Tumor of infancy
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Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
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Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
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Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
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Tu mor of the adrenal medulla ( kids)
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Neuroblastoma (malignant)
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Type of Hodgkin's
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Nodular sclerosis (vs. m ixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
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Type of non-Hodgkin's
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Diffuse large cell
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UTI
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E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
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Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
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HSV1
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Vitamin deficiency ( U . S . )
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Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 -to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
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EQUATION REVIEW
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XXX
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TOPIC
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EQUATION
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Sensitivity
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Sensitivity = TP/(TP + FN), TP=true positive, FN=false negative
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Specificity
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Specific ity = TN/(TN + FP), TN = true negative, FP = false positive
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Positive pred ictive value
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PPV = TP/(TP + FP), TP= true positive, FP = false positive
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Negative predictive value
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NPV = TN/(TN + FN)
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Odds ratio (for case-control studies)
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Odds ratio = (a/c)/(b/d) = ad/bc
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Relative risk
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[a/(a + b)]/[c/{c+d)]
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Attributable risk
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absolute risk = (a/a+b)/(c/c+d)
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Number needed to treat
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NNT = 1/absolute risk reduction
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Number needed to harm
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NNH = 1/attributable risk
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Body mass index
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BMI = kg/m^2
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
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p^2+2pq+q^2=1, p+q=1
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Volume of distribution
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Vd=amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration
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Half-life
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T1/2 = 0.7Vd/Cl
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Drug clearance
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Cl = rate of drug elimination/plasma drug concentration = Vd x Ke (elimination constant)
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Loading Dose
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Ld = Cp x Vd/F, Cp = plasma concentration, F = Bioavailability
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Maintenance dose
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MD = Cp x CL/F
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Cardiac output
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CO = SVxHR, Also CO =(rate of O2 consumption)/(arterial O2 content-venous O2 content)
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Mean arterial pressure
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MAP = COxTPR, MAP = 2/3diastolic +1/3systolic
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stroke volume
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SV=CO/HR=EDV-ESV
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Ejection fraction
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ED=SV/EDV = EDV-ESV/EDV
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Resistance
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Resistance = driving pressure (deltaP)/flow(Q) = 8n(viscosity)xlength/pi x r^4
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Net filtration pressure
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Pnet=[(Pc-Pi)-(pic-pii)], Jv=net fluid flow = Kf x Pnet, pi=3.14
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Renal clearance
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Cx=UxV/Px
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GFR
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GFR = Uinulin x V/Pinulin = Cinulin, GFR = Kf [Pgc-Pbs)-(pigc-pibs)
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Effective renal plasma flow
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ERPF = Upah x V/ Ppah
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Renal blood flow
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RBF=RPF/1-Hct
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Filtration fraction
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FF=GFR/RPF
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Henderson Hasselbach (extracellular pH)
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pH=6.1 + log [HCO3-]/0.03PCO2
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Physiologic dead space
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Vd = VT x [(PaCO2)-PECO2]/PzCO2
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Pulmonary vascular resistance
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PVR = [P (pulm art)-P (left atrium)]/CO
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Alveolar gas equation
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PAO2 = PIO2-(PaCO2/R)
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