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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of blood vessels? |
-Arteries -Capillaries -Veins |
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What is the function of arteries? |
Carry blood away from heart |
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What is the INNERMOST layer of arteries and veins? |
Tunica Intima-inner layer of endothelial cells (simple squamous epithelium) |
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What is the middle layer of arteries and veins? |
Tunica Media-Smooth muscle and elastic CT (thicker in arteries than in veins) |
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What is the OUTTERMOST layer of arteries and veins? |
Tunica Externa-made of fibrous elastic CT (Thinner in arteries than veins) |
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What is the function and layer of capillaries? |
-carry blood from arterioles to venules -only one layer, tunica intima |
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What is the function of veins? |
carry blood TOWARDS the heart |
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What is the pathway of blood from arteries to veins? |
Arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins |
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Where are the places you can count pulse easily? |
-Temporal artery -Carotid artery -Brachial artery -Radial artery -Femoral artery -Popliteal artery -Dorsalis pedis |
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Where can you feel your BP/pulse these most strongly? |
Arteries |
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What is the definition of blood pressure? |
Amount of blood pumped by heart in relation to size and condition of arteries |
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How is blood pressure measured? |
By force of blood against arterial walls |
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What is BP measured in? |
Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) |
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What factors can affect blood pressure? |
-Volume of water in body -Salt content (water follows salt) -Conditions of kidneys -Blood viscosity (the thicker, the higher BP) -Levels of various hormones in body |
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What is the normal BP? |
120/80 |
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Systolic means? |
Contraction, it is the number on top |
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Diastolic means? |
Relaxation, it is the number on the bottom |
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Arterial pressure reading is _______ during systole? |
Highest |
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Arterial pressure reading is ______during diastole? |
Lowest |
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Why is high blood pressure damaging to the heart? |
Ventricles must contract more forcefully to expel the same amount of blood. |
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What is the BP of a PRE hypertensive person? |
systolic= 120-139 Diastolic= 80-89 |
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What is the BP of a Hypertensive stage 1? |
Systolic= 140-159 Diastolic= 90-99 |
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What is the BP of a Hypertensive stage 2? |
Systolic=160 or higher Diastolic= 100 or higher |
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what is coronary artery bypass surgery/grafting? |
Veins or arteries from other parts of the body are used to bypass blockages in coronary arteries. (supply blood to heart) |
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When is one cardiac cycle complete? |
When ventricles fill with blood and blood is pumped out of heart. |
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What is the average regular heart beat rhythm? |
72 beats per minute |
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How long is each cardiac cycle? |
0.8 seconds long-very rapid |
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What happens during the cardiac cycle Diastole phase? |
Ventricles are refilling with blood from atria-AV valves open |
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What happens during the cardiac cycle Systole phase? |
Ventricles are contracting- SL valves open |
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What is the 2 distinct sounds in every heart beat? |
"lub-dub" |
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What causes the 1st lub sound? |
-Vibration and abrupt closure of AV valves as ventricles contract. -Longer duration and lower pitch |
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What causes the 2nd dub sound? |
Closure of the semilunar valves as ventricles relax. |
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what happens to valves during LUB heart sound? |
-Tricuspid and Bicuspid valve CLOSES -Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valve OPENS |
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What happens to valves during DUB heart sound? |
-Tricuspid and Bicuspid valve OPEN -Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valve CLOSES |
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The lub dub heart sounds are produced by? |
Closing of Atrioventricular valves (lub) and closing of Semilunar valves (dub) *AV=lub *SL-dub |
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What happens during stroke volume? |
Volume of blood ejected from 1 ventricle with each beat |
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What happens during cardiac output? |
-Amount of blood 1 ventricle can pump each min -Average = 5 liters per min at rest |
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Cardiac output is determined by? |
Heart rate and stroke volume |
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What are the four specialized structures embedded in wall of heart? |
-SA (sinoatrial) node=pacemaker -AV (atrioventricular) node -AV bundle (bundle of his) -Purkinje Fibers |
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Where is the SA node located? |
-wall of right atrium -near opening of superior vena cava |
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What must happen in the SA node for contraction to take place? |
Depolarization |
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Where is the AV node located? |
In the right atrium along lower part of interatrial septum |
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Where is AV bundle located? |
In the interventricular septum |
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Where are the purkinje fibers located? |
In the walls of ventricles |
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What is the pathway of a typical electrical impulse? |
-SA node (generates impulse) -AV node (Pauses at 0.1 secs) -AV Bundle (connects atria to ventricles) -AV branches (conduct impulses through interventricular septum) -Purkinje fibers (depolarize) |
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The stimulus for the hearts contractions comes from? |
Pacemaker (SA node) |
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Depolorization means? |
Contract |
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What happens during P-wave of an EKG? |
Depolorization of atria |
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What happens during QRS complex of an EKG? |
Depolorization of ventricles |
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What happens during T-wave of an EKG? |
Repolorization of ventricles |
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What does repolorization mean? |
Relaxation |
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Cardiac Cycle phase 1 is? |
-Atrial systole -P Wave of atria (Contraction of Atria) |
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Cardiac Cycle Phase 2 is? |
Ventricular Systolic -QRS Complex (greater then P wave) -contraction of ventricles |
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Cardiac Cycle phse 3 is? |
Early Diastole -T wave (ventricles RELAX) |
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Cardiac cycle phase 4 is? |
Diastole -Heart finishes its relaxation -TP period |
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Atrial systole occurs ________the firing of the SA node. |
AFTER |
