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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CLINICAL PRESENTATION
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DIAGNOSIS/DISEASE
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Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Positive anterior drawer sign" "
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Anterior cruciate ligament injury
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Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's)
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Lichen planus
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following Gl/ upper respiratory infection
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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Rash on palms and soles
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Coxsackie A, 2y syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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Red currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients "
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Klebsiella pneunoniae
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Red currant jelly" stools "
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Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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Reel urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Linclau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease ( nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
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Rovsing's sign (acute appendicitis)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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Short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
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Single palmar crease
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Simian crease (Down syndrome)
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
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Addison's disease (1y adrenocortical insufficiency causes increase ACTH and increase a-MSH production)
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-Iinkecl missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
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Small, irregular reel spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
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Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata (2y syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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"Strawberry tongue"
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Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
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Turner syndrome (45,XO)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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CLINICAl PRESENTATION
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DIAGNOSIS/DISEASE
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP (Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes]
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
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MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
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Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
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Worst headache of my life" "
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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CLASSIC LABS/FINDINGS
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XXX
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lAB/DIAGNOSTIC FINDING
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DIAGNOSIS/DISEASE
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
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Anti-IgG antibodies
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Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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1y biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Vasculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener's]; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss syndrome)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti - transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray
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Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
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Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
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Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic (M3] type)
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Bacitracin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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LAB/DIAGNOSTIC FINDING
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DIAGNOSIS/DISEASE
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (clue to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Boot shaped" heart on x-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
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Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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Brown" tumor of bone "
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Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (autosomal-recessive mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (3y syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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"Orphan Annie's eyes" nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobecl nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl's eye") "
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
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Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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LAB/DIAGNOSTIC FINDING
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DIAGNOSIS/DISEASE
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Heart nodules (granulomatous)
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D-dimers
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DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
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Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
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Ghon complex 1y TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
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"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
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Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
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Trousseau's syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
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Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
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Conn's syndrome
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
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Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
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Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
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Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
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Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
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Linear appearance of lgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Poststrcptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of lgG and C3b)
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Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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• Multiple myeloma (usually lgG or lgA) • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) • Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia • Primary amyloidosis
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Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
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"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's; c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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Novobiocin response
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Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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