Part 1

Front 1

From DNA to Proteins...

Back 1

DNA - sequence of 3 bases encodes 1 single amino acid
RNA - base sequence determines protein building.
Proteins - involved in many body functions!

Front 2

Genetic code

Back 2

the specific correspondence between a set of 3 DNA bases and 1 amino acid

Front 3

Universal Genetic Code

Back 3

the same 3 bp sequences specify the same 1 amino acid, regardless of host - bacteria, plant, human, monkey, lion.. Proteins are proteins!

Front 4

Where does organism diversity originate?

Back 4

Adaptations to prebiotic biochemical processes. Organisms are uniform at the molecular level.

Front 5

3 Domains of ORganisms:

Back 5

Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
-Bacteria was first
-Eukarya came from them,
-Archaea is the youngest

Front 6

DNA illustrates...

Back 6

relation between function and form

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

deoxyribonucleic acid; stores information. 3-dimensional molecule, covalent. A linear polymer made of four different monomer types

Front 8

DNA monomer structure

Back 8

-Sugar-phosphate backbone
-one of 4 different bases attached to sugar
-Backbone: repeating sugar-phosphate units

Front 9

Deoxyribose

Back 9

the sugar in the backbone of DNA

Front 10

4 DNA bases - what are they?

Back 10

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine. Each binds to deoxyribose

Front 11

The variable in DNA that makes it useful

Back 11

Sequence of bases along a DNA strand.
Constitutes the genetic information

Front 12

3-D molecular structure of DNA

Back 12

-Double helix
-2 intertwined linear strands
-Sugar-phosphate backbone lies on outside of helix
-Variable bases protrude from helix inward - bind together

Front 13

Base Pairs - what's that?

Back 13

Specific Hydrogen bonds form between the bases on inside of DNA double helix.

Front 14

Hydrogen Bonds - why useful?

Back 14

weak enough to be broken when necessary but strong enought to stabilize a double helix for instance. Weaker than covalent bonds.

Front 15

Watson and Crick

Back 15

Proposed double helical structure

Front 16

RNA

Back 16

ribonucleic acid
-structurally similar to DNA but with RIBOSE instead of Deoxyribose
-Single strand, not double helix.
-Complex activity like catalysis because it allows intrastrand b-pairing

Front 17

3 Important roles of RNA

Back 17

mRNA - translates/transcribes
rRNA - functions in translation
tRNA - functinos in building proteins