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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
From DNA to Proteins...
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DNA - sequence of 3 bases encodes 1 single amino acid
RNA - base sequence determines protein building. Proteins - involved in many body functions! |
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Genetic code
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the specific correspondence between a set of 3 DNA bases and 1 amino acid
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Universal Genetic Code
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the same 3 bp sequences specify the same 1 amino acid, regardless of host - bacteria, plant, human, monkey, lion.. Proteins are proteins!
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Where does organism diversity originate?
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Adaptations to prebiotic biochemical processes. Organisms are uniform at the molecular level.
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3 Domains of ORganisms:
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Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
-Bacteria was first -Eukarya came from them, -Archaea is the youngest |
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DNA illustrates...
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relation between function and form
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid; stores information. 3-dimensional molecule, covalent. A linear polymer made of four different monomer types
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DNA monomer structure
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-Sugar-phosphate backbone
-one of 4 different bases attached to sugar -Backbone: repeating sugar-phosphate units |
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Deoxyribose
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the sugar in the backbone of DNA
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4 DNA bases - what are they?
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Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine. Each binds to deoxyribose
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The variable in DNA that makes it useful
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Sequence of bases along a DNA strand.
Constitutes the genetic information |
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3-D molecular structure of DNA
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-Double helix
-2 intertwined linear strands -Sugar-phosphate backbone lies on outside of helix -Variable bases protrude from helix inward - bind together |
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Base Pairs - what's that?
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Specific Hydrogen bonds form between the bases on inside of DNA double helix.
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Hydrogen Bonds - why useful?
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weak enough to be broken when necessary but strong enought to stabilize a double helix for instance. Weaker than covalent bonds.
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Watson and Crick
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Proposed double helical structure
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid
-structurally similar to DNA but with RIBOSE instead of Deoxyribose -Single strand, not double helix. -Complex activity like catalysis because it allows intrastrand b-pairing |
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3 Important roles of RNA
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mRNA - translates/transcribes
rRNA - functions in translation tRNA - functinos in building proteins |