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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the scientific name for the Nodular worm?
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Oesophagostomum spp.
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Why is it called the Nodular worm?
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Becuase it infects the nodules of the large intestine.
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What do the adults look like?
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White, stout, with a ventral groove, and a buccal capsule which varies in size
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DH?
IH? |
Cattle, sheep, and ruminants
NONE |
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Where is the infection site for the adults?
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Large intestine
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Where is the infection site for the larvae?
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pylorus, nodules of rectum
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What ios the infective form?
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L3
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Life cycle of Oesophagostomum spp.
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1. Eggs passed in feces.
2. Li-L3 in Environment 3. L3 ingested 4. Larvae penetrate wall of intestine and become enclosed in nodules (cheesy) 5. L4 leave nodules in lumen and mature |
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Pathogenesis of Oesophagostomum spp.
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1. Nodul;es may become calcified.
2. Acute inflammation 3. weakness, and emaciation 4. Feces; Dk. watery, fetid |
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How is Oesophagostomum spp. diagnosed?
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Nodules at necropsy
Eggs; typical strongyle eggs L3 stage observed to confirm |
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How is Oesophagostomum spp. treated?
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Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Dichlorus
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What is the product namr for Ivermectin?
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Ivomec
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What is the product name for Fenbendazole?
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Panacur, or Safeguard
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Moving on...
What is the scientific name for Hair Worms? |
Trichostrongylus axei
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Give the DH, IH.
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Ruminants and Equines
No IH |
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Where is the infection site of Trichostrongylus axei?
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Abomasum in Ruminants
Stomach in Equines |
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Life cycle of Trichostropngylus axei
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1. Eggs hatch outside host.
2. l1, l2, l3, infective by 3-14 days 3. L3 ingested by DH 4. Molt to L4 to adult; no migration |
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Pathogenesis of Trichostrongylus axei
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Gastritis
Lg numbers; watery diarrhea, often Dk. Green (scours) Usually pathogenic w/ existing dz, otherwise is asymptomatic. |
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How is this nematode diagnosed?
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Culture larvae to L3
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Treatment for trichostrongylus axei?
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Ivermectin, Benzamidazoles
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The common name for Ostertagia ostertagi?
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The Brown Stomach Worm
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How could these nematodes be described?
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Brownish in color, Large buccal cavity, mature females have a vulvar flap
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What is the DH of Ostertagia ostertagi?
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Goats, sheep, cattle
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Is it's infection of cattle significant?
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It is the primary cattle parasite worldwide.
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What is the IH for this parasite?
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None
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What is the prepatent period for Ostertagia ostertagi?
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16-23 days
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Where is the infection site?
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Adults; lumen, gastric mucosal surface.
Larvae; gastric glands |
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Life cycle of Ostertagia ostertagi
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1.Embryonated egg passed in feces.
2. L1 hatch on soil and molt 2x to L3. {development is temperature, moisture dependent, may overwinter in soil.} 3. L3 ingested. 4. Enter gastric glands and molt to L4. 5. L5 re-enters lumen- adult |
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What is important concerning "Summer" Ostertagiosis?
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Usually occurs in pastured young cattle in early grazing season.
Worms pass w/o passing through DA. |
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What is important concering Winter Ostertagiosis?
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Typically occurs in Late Winter when larvae are leaving DA and becoming active.
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Pathogenesis of Ostertagia ostertagi. Which stage causes more harm to host?
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Larvae; Chronic abomositis in young cattle.
watery diarrhea anemia hypoproteinemia emaciation neutral pH in abomasum "Morocco leather" appearance of abomasum. |
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How would you diagnose Ostertagia ostertagi?
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Strongyle-like eggs
Also culture larvae Clinical signs Necropsy (appearance of abomasum) |
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Treatment od Ostertagia ostertagi?
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Ivermectin
Bendimidazoles |
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Other ways of controlling this nematode!
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Strategic deworming;
1.Cows post calving 2.Cows post weaning calves 3.Y. calves @ mid-summer & weaning. 4. Yearlings in Spring or Fall. Rotate Pastures post deworming; dairy cows during lactation. |
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Haemonchus contortus is referred to as...
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the Barberpole worm
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Why has it acquired this common name?
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The female's egg filled uterus is wrapped around it's blood filled gut giving the appearance of a barber's pole.
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What does the male Haemonchus contortus look like?
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It is thin and smaller than the female.
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What is the DH? and IH?
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Sheep. None.
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Where is the infection site for this nematode?
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Abomasum, for adults and larvae.
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Life cycle of Haemonchus contortus.
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1. Eggs passed in embryonated stage.
2. L1-L3 in soil 3. L3 ingested while grazing. 4. L3 molt in abomasum- do not migrate 5. L4 may ingest blood, molt and grow to maturity. |
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Pathogenesis of Haemonchus contortus.
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Anemia- mostly seen in lambs
"bottle jaw"- caused by edema High egg counts |
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Diagnosis of Haemonchus contortus
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Eggs or culture of larvae
Pallor of mucous membranes Evidence at necropsy |
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How is infection by Haemonchus contortus treated?
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Ivermectin
Fenbendazole -may be resistence with Fenbendazole |
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Nematodirus spp.
What are some characteristics of the adults? |
-Female has spine on tail.
-Stoma armed with triangular tooth. -Spicules; long and thin -Cuticle of stomal region is striated and may be inflated. |
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What is the DH? and IH? for Nematodirus spp.?
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Sheep, goats, cattle, other ruminants- including wildlife (deer, elk, moose)
No IH |
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Pathogenesis of Ostertagia ostertagi. Which stage causes more harm to host?
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Larvae; Chronic abomositis in young cattle.
watery diarrhea anemia hypoproteinemia emaciation neutral pH in abomasum "Morocco leather" appearance of abomasum. |
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How would you diagnose Ostertagia ostertagi?
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Strongyle-like eggs
Also culture larvae Clinical signs Necropsy (appearance of abomasum) |
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Treatment od Ostertagia ostertagi?
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Ivermectin
Bendimidazoles |
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Other ways of controlling this nematode!
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Strategic deworming;
1.Cows post calving 2.Cows post weaning calves 3.Y. calves @ mid-summer & weaning. 4. Yearlings in Spring or Fall. Rotate Pastures post deworming; dairy cows during lactation. |
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Haemonchus contortus is referred to as...
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the Barberpole worm
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Why has it acquired this common name?
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The female's egg filled uterus is wrapped around it's blood filled gut giving the appearance of a barber's pole.
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What does the male Haemonchus contortus look like?
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It is thin and smaller than the female.
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What is the DH? and IH?
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Sheep. None.
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Where is the infection site for this nematode?
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Abomasum, for adults and larvae.
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Life cycle of Haemonchus contortus.
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1. Eggs passed in embryonated stage.
2. L1-L3 in soil 3. L3 ingested while grazing. 4. L3 molt in abomasum- do not migrate 5. L4 may ingest blood, molt and grow to maturity. |
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Pathogenesis of Haemonchus contortus.
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Anemia- mostly seen in lambs
"bottle jaw"- caused by edema High egg counts |
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Diagnosis of Haemonchus contortus
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Eggs or culture of larvae
Pallor of mucous membranes Evidence at necropsy |
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How is infection by Haemonchus contortus treated?
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Ivermectin
Fenbendazole -may be resistence with Fenbendazole |
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Nematodirus spp.
What are some characteristics of the adults? |
-Female has spine on tail.
-Stoma armed with triangular tooth. -Spicules; long and thin -Cuticle of stomal region is striated and may be inflated. |
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What is the DH? and IH? for Nematodirus spp.?
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Sheep, goats, cattle, other ruminants- including wildlife (deer, elk, moose)
No IH |
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Where is the infection site for Nematodirus spp.?
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Sm intestine
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Life cycle
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1. Eggs passed in feces w/ only a few cells.
2. Larvae molt and develop w/in egg to L3, taking from 2-4 wks. 3. Hatched L3 survive well year round. 4. Ingested 5. Larvae molt to L4 in lumen of sm intestine, then to adult. |
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Pathogenesis of Nematodirus spp.
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Lg. Numbers; severe and debilitating diarrhea.
N. battus; may be life threatening in sheep. |
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How are species of Nematodirus diagnosed?
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Eggs are unique and v. large.
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How is infection treated?
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Fenbendazole, Albendazole
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