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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which neurotransmitter is decreased in the basal ganglia of the midbrain?
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dopamine
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The cause of parkinsons is unknown but there are other iatrogenic factors such as which depleting drugs?
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reserpine, phenothiazide, metoclopramide, tetrabeazine. and butyrophenomes such as droperidol, and haloperidol
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people who have parkinsons disease are over the age of 50, but juvenile parkinsons is under 40 and associated with which other disease?
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wilsons disease, huntingtons disease.
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some people who have IPD also develop what?
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dementia
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what are the three cardinal signs of parkinson's disease?
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involuntary tremors, akinesia, and progressive muscle rigidity.
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The first symptom of parkinsons is?
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tremor of fingers and thumb(pill-rolling movement)It occurs during rest and appears more when stress, cold, fatigue, or excitation.
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The tremor disappear during sleep?
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yes!
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The tremor occurs at other parts of the body which are?
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tongue, lip, jaw, chin, and closed eyelid, eventually the tremor can spread to the same side of the foot and eventually to the other side.
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when doing a physical assessment one must note that the cardinal sign when doing ROM is what?
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resistance to both extension and flexion.
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what other signs are noted in parkinsons disease?
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flexion contractures develop in the neck, trunk, elbows, knees, and hips.
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other signs of parkinsons are?
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stooped posture, involuntary movements, slowed movements, inability to sit down, expressionless face
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interventions for parkinsons disease involves exercises with control ROM exercises and muscles of the face and tongue for?
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speech and swallowing.
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The drug of choice in parkinsons is?
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Lovodopa, amantadine
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synthetic anticholinergic drugs are used to block acetylcholine stimulated nerves that lead to tremors drugs such as?
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artane, congentin
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teaching patient to ambulate by?
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taking large steps with feet aprt for balance, keeping back straight and swinging arms.
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How can the patient overcome akinisia?
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tape the frozen leg to initiate movement.
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how can the patient reduce tremors?
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hold objects such as coins keys, purse.
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how can the patient have partial control of tremors?
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when seated have the patient grab the arms of the chairs
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To reduce rigidity before exercise tell patient to take a what?
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warm bath.
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how can the patient initiate movement?
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rock back and forth
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to prevent spine flexion have the patient do what?
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line prone postion without a pillow
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other concerns for the home are for safety?
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get rid of loose carpet and install grab bars, and elevate the toilet seat, the use of chair lifts can be benficial as well
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How can the patient overcome akinisia?
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tape the frozen leg to initiate movement.
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how can the patient reduce tremors?
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hold objects such as coins keys, purse.
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how can the patient have partial control of tremors?
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when seated have the patient grab the arms of the chairs
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To reduce rigidity before exercise tell patient to take a what?
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warm bath.
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how can the patient initiate movement?
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rock back and forth
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to prevent spine flexion have the patient do what?
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line prone postion without a pillow
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other concerns for the home are for safety?
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get rid of loose carpet and install grab bars, and elevate the toilet seat, the use of chair lifts can be benficial as well
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