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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between a sedative and a hypnotic?
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sedative - reduces anxiety and exerts a calming effect
hypnotic - produces drowsiness and encourages sleep Hypnotics have greater degree of CNS depression |
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What is the only benzodiazepine that produces surgical anesthesia and could lead to fatal respiratory depression?
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Midazolam (Versed)
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Which BDZ is used for status epileptics and has a LONG duration?
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Diazepam (Valium) - 1-3 days
- Lorazepam (Ativan) is also used but it has medium duration (10-20 hrs), however it has less residual drowsiness |
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Which BDZ is used for Alcohol withdrawal and has a LONG duration?
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Diazepam (Valium)
and Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) - 1-3 days |
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Which sedatives/hypnotics are 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists?
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Buspirone and Ramelteon (melatonin receptor agonist)
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Which BZDs are used for Insomnia?
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Fluzarepam (Dalmane) - Long
Estazolam (ProSom) - Medium Triazolam (Halcion) - Short |
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Which BZDs have less residual effects because they are directly metabolized to glucuronides?
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Lorazepam (Ativan), Oxazepam (Serax), Estazolam (Prosom)
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Which BZD is activated to desmethyldiazepam in GI before absorbed?
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Clorazepate (Tranxene)
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Which BZD is short acting and used for anxiety?
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Oxazepam (Serax)
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Which long acting BZD is used for seizures and panic disorders?
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Clonazepam (Klonipin)
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Which non-BZD is specific for BDZ-1 receptor and is short acting - 1hr ?
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Zaleplon (Sonata)
Zolpidem (Ambien) is also selectibe for BDZ-1 but it's 1/2 life is longer (1.4-5 hrs) |
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Which non-BZD causes anterograde amnesia and morning sedation?
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Zolpidem (Ambien)
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Which BDZ Antagonist is used to reverse an overdose of BDZ and has a rapid onset and short 1/2 life?
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Flumanezil (Romazicon)
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Which Barbituate is of the shortest duration and is used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia?
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Methohexital (Brevital)
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Barbituates are absolutely contraindicated in patients with what disease?
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porphyria
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Which partial 5HT1A partial agonist is used for generalized anxiety but not useful in acute anxiety because it takes 1 wk for observed effects?
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Buspirone (Buspar)
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Which sedative-hypnotic is used in status epilecticus in children and to decrease withdrawal symptoms of abstinent alcoholics?
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Paraldehyde (Paral)
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What non-BZD is most useful in increasing duration of sleep?
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Eczopiclone (Lunesta)
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Which is a low potency, long acting BZD used for alcohol withdrawal?
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Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
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Which BZD is used for anxiety, status epileptics, anesthesia, and alcohol withdrawal?
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Diazepam (Valium)
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Which BDZ is used for insomnia but is very potent so it produces effects the next day?
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Triazolam (Halcion)
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What are the active metabolites of Diazepam (Valium)?
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Desmethyldiazepam and Oxazepam (Serax)
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Clonazepam (Klonopin) is most useful for what type of seizures?
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Petit mal seizures.
- also useful for panic disorders |
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Which BZD have a very rapid onset?
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Midazolam (Versed) - Anesthesia
Triazolam (Halcion) - Insomnia |
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Can Lorazepam (Ativan) and Diazepam (Valium) be used for tx of seizures for long periods of time?
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no, tolerance develops.
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What drugs cause a more severe withdrawal syndrome?
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High potency, short duration drugs like Triazolam(Halcion).
Low potency drugs like Diazepam(Valium) stick around longer and will be weaned off due to their metabolites = less withdrawal effects. |
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Which non-BZD is only useful to help increase sleep onset but not for sleep duration?
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Zaleplon (Sonata)
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Which non-BZD has no SE, no tolerance, no rebound insomnia/dependence.
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Zaleplon (Sonata)
- increase sleep ONSET, not duration |
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Which non-BZD is the only drug approved for long term use because it does not have development of tolerance or withdrawal?
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Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
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What is the MOA of barbiturates?
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They increase OPEN TIME of channels and increase affinity of GABA for receptor and at high enough concentrations directly activate the channel.
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Which barbiturate is the longest acting and is used for seizure disorders?
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Phenobarbital (Luminal)
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Which barbiturate is the shortest acting and is used for induction/maintenance of anesthesia?
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Methohexital (Brevital)
- Thiopental (Pentothal) is also used for induction of anesthesia |
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Which barbiturate is used to maintain someone with head injuries in a coma?
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Pentobarbital (Nebutal)
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