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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bandura studied
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social learning
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Vygotsky said that mental processes...
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rely on interaction interaction with a knowledgeable partner
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Vygotsky said that learning is when...
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...something experienced in a social interaction is internalized
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What two things did Vygotsky say were important to learning?
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parents, language
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how many psychosexual stages?
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5
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Piaget said that learning is...
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an interactive process between child and environment
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Assimilation (Piaget)
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Taking in and organizing information
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Accommodation (piaget)
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Changing internal schemas to incorporate new information
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Equilibration (Piaget)
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Active process by which individual achieves balance between individual’s structure of the world and the world itself
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Piaget's 4 stages
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Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
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sensorimotor age
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first 18-24 months
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sensorimotor characteristics
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child’s body, perceptions, and actions are of interest
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preoperational age
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begins between 18-24 months
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preoperational characteristics
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represent what they perceive with language
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concrete operational age
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7 years
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concrete operational characteristics
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think logically, not bound by appearance of objects
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formal operational age
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12-14 years
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formal operational characteristics
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start to think like adults
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Gessel says that growth involves...
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unfolding of biological patterns
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What did Gessel emphasize?
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individual differences
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what did Gessel say stimulates development?
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interactions with parents
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What did Erikson say is required for healthy growth?
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positive environment
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What did Erikson say is required for coping?
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frustrating experiences
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Evolutionary developmental theory
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How genetic heritage influences behavior today
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Modules
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Specialized abilities passed on through genes
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Brofenbrenner was a proponent of...
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bioecological theory
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PPCT
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process, person, context, time framework
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PPCT is part of...
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...bioecological theory
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microsystem
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Daily activities and interactions
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mesosystem
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Relationships and interactions between two or more settings
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macrosystem
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Broad, culturally shared beliefs about how things are done
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watson said that kids are...
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...blank slates
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watson says personality develops from...
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early conditioning of emotions
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spock advocated helping children...
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gain self-control and learn appropriate social behaviors
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Sears discussed
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attachment parenting
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5 bs of attachment parenting
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Bonding, breast-feeding, bed-sharing, baby wearing, belief in cry
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parenting types
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authoritative, authoritarian, permissive
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authoritative
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firm control over child’s behavior, emphasize independence and individuality
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authoritarian
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firm control, but in arbitrary, power-oriented way
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permissive
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set few limits
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___% of pregnancies are planned
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50
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types of pregnancy decision-making patterns in partners
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planners, acceptance of fate, ambivalent, yes-no
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___% of births are to unmarried women
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33
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4 factors that contribute to attachment
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sensitivity, mutuality, synchronicity, positive attitude
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Sensitivity
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Ability to perceive the infant’s signals accurately and respond appropriately and promptly
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mutuality
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Positive harmony and mutuality in relationship
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synchronicity
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Coordinated social interactions
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scaffolding
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Giving the child just enough help when he confronts a new barrier (balancing weaknesses)
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authority stage
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Parents find themselves doing and saying things they swore they never would
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More ____ than ___ have had a child
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females, males
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almost all adults have had a child by age ___
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45
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____ are older than ____ at first marriage
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males, females
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males and females get married in their _____
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early 20s
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Number of births increased from ____ to ____ following ___ years of decline until ____
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1999, 2000, 10, 1997
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Birth rates decline with ______
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country’s industrialization
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people are ____ at first birth today than in 1970
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older
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average age at first birth in 2000
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25
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Average number of children per woman has ______ since 1970
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increased slightly
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_____ of births are to unmarried women
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1/3
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Number of children under 18 has _____ since 1970
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increased
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since 1995, the number of kids with stay-at-home dads has ____
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doubled
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preformation
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children as little adults
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locke
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tabula rasa
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rosseau's theory
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romantic naturalism
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romantic naturalism
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noble savages
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systems theory researcher
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minuchin
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entropy
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Chaos because of lack of feedback from outside to solve problems
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entropy and equifinality are part of...
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...systems theory
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equifinality
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Families share common goals, reach them in different ways
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ultimate goal of family as a social system
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homeostasis
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at snag points,
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Inflexibility causes crisis
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erikson's infancy stage
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trust vs. mistrust
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erikson's toddlerhood stage
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autonomy vs. shame/doubt
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erikson's early childhood stage
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initiative vs. guilt
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centering
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Hard to move away from own perspective into others
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thomas and chess
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innate differences in temperament
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3 types of temperament
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flexible, fearful, feisty
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4 phases of attachment
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pre-attachment, attachment in the making, clear cut attachment, goal-corrected partnership
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pre-attachment age
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0-3 months
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attachment in the making age
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3-6 months
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clear cut attachment age
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6+ months
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goal corrected partnership age
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4+ years
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reciprocity
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The degree of positive or negative involvement at given points during interaction
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galinsky's stages of parenting development
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image-making, nurturing, authority, interpretive, interdependent, departure
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image-making stage
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preparing for birth and corresponding changes
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nurturing stage
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becoming attached to infant
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authority stage
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asserting authority and communicating with preshooler
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interpretive stage
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parent interpreting world for elementary schoolers
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interdependent stage
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authority and communication with increasingly independent teens
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departure stage
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when children leave home
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social smile age
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3-6 weeks
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anger age
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3-4 months
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surprise age
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3-4 months
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sadness age
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3-4 months
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fear age
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5-7 months
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shame age
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6-8 months
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shyness age
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6-8 months
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contempt age
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2 years
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guilt age
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2 years
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stranger anxiety age
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6 months
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social referencing age
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14-22 months
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The percent of infants securely attached to their fathers is ______ the percent securely attached to mothers
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equal to
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zone of proximate development
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Where children learn (tasks that are not too easy or too hard)
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