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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What isthe Lifespan of Enterobius vermicularis? |
2 months: maturity takes 35-40 days, and egg can last outside the body for 2-3 weeks |
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What arethe two treatments of Enterobiusvermicularis? |
Pyrantel Pamoate and Mebendazole |
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What drug is E. multilocularis resistant to? |
Praziquantel |
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What is the longest tapeworm in man called? Give Latin and common name |
Fish or broad tape worm Diphyllobothrium latum |
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What is the difference between polyzoic and monozoic? |
Monozoic is unsegmented and has only one set of organs, whereas polyzoic has multiple segments all containing their own set of organs |
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What arethe immature forms of Eucestoda called? |
Metacestodes |
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What isone medication that is effective for all Flukes? |
Praziquantel |
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What are the life cycle stages of Plathyhelminthes in order (list 6)? |
Egg-Miracidium- sporocyst- rediae- cercariae-metacercariae |
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What is usually the intermediate host of a Plathyhelminthes? |
Snail |
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What is the name of the parasitic nematode that lives in approximately one third of Americans and emerges from the anus at night to lay eggs in the perianal area? |
Enterobius vermicularis (the pinworm) |
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What is the name of the treatment for Trichuris trichiura, the whipworm? |
Mebendazole |
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Briefly explain what is meant by the term "traumatic insemination". |
When the male pierces the female abdomen and injects sperm through the wound into the hemocoel |
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Name one nematode infection that can be treated with Pyrentel Pamoate. |
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) |
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What are somesymptoms of heartworm in dogs? |
Respiratory insufficiency, chronic cough, vommiting |
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What is themedication used to treat heartworm in dogs? |
Chemoprophylactic agents |
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Eating whatcontaminated aquatic vegetable can lead to an infection of Fasciolopsisbuski, the Giant Intestinal Fluke? |
Water chestnuts infected with metacercaria |
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In the case of theEucestoda, in which case would a human host be better off: as anintermediate host, or as a definitive host? Why? |
Definitive Hosts because the adults mature in the small intestine and release eggs in our feces, whereas the Intermediate hosts develop cysts in their muscles When eggs infect humans they can develop in the liver, lungs, eyes, and brain |
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What is the speciesname of the pork tapeworm? What is the species name of the beef tapeworm? Nameone way to distinguish between the two. |
Taenia solium Taenia saginata T. solium is smaller in size than T. saginata T. saginata has a pear shaped scolex, while T. solium has a globular scolex (both have 4 suckers) |
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Name a medicationused to treat Cysticercosis. |
Praziquantel |
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Name a way in which one can become infected by Diphyllobothrium latum, the fish/broad tapeworm? |
By eating uncooked fish that is infected with plerocercoid larvae |
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What type of symmetrydo nematodes have? |
Bilaterally symmetric |
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True or false: Somenematodes have flagella and/or cilia. |
False- no cilia or flagella are present |
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What are the threeclasses of Platyhelminthes we discussed in class |
Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda |
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What is the infective stage of T. solium or T. saginata? |
Oncospheres |
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Whatspecies of the class Monogenea infects freshwater Atlantic salmon? |
Gyrodactylus salaris |
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How is Trichinellaspiralis transmitted? and in what species is found in? |
It is transmitted by ingesting meat that is contaminated with trichinella encysted larvae. It is found in carnivorous/omnivorous species like bears and pigs. |
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What is the treatment and control of Trichuris trichiura? |
Mebendazole- 200mg for adults, 100mg for children for 3 days. Improve hygiene and sanitary eating habitats |
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Why can the infectioncaused by Ancylostoma adults be prolonged? |
Because the dormant larvae can be recruited from tissues when the adults die This gives rise to seasonal fluctuations in infection prevalence and intensity |
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Which life cycle thatwe studied has an infective stage of cercaria (give genus)? |
Schistosoma spp. |
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Where do the adult Paragonimus westermani habitat in the human? |
In the lungs |
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Which is the host for Opisthorchis viverini? |
European cats |
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Which forms are freeliving for Digene Larvae? |
Miracidium |
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What is Schistosoma’s main habitat? |
In the blood vessels of the definitive host |
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What is the definitive host of Polystoma intergerrimum? |
Frogs |
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Which subclass of Cestodia are considered the true tapeworms? |
Eucestoda |
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When a human becomes infected by T. solium, what disease does it cause? |
Cysticerosis- larvae cysts in lungs, liver, eyes and brain this can lead to blindness and neurological problems |
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The pinworm has how many hosts in its lifecycle? |
only 1 |
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Define 2 of monostome, amphystome, and distome. |
Monostome: Oral sucker only Amphystome: Oral Sucker and Posterior sucker Distome: Oral sucker and ventral sucker |
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List 2 parasites thatcan be treated with praziquantel. (Latin names) |
T. Solium, T. Saginata |
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Howdo schistosomes get into the human host? |
Penetrate host in infected water |
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What is the treatmentfor Gyrodactylus salaries? |
Rotenone or dosing small amounts of aqueous aluminum and sulfuric acid into the rivers |
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How many suckers dothe Taenia tapeworms have? |
Four |
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What doesovoviviparous mean? |
Give birth to live young rather than hatching from eggs |
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Listthree biological features characteristic of Phylum Platyhelminthes’s absence ofbody cavity |
1. Highly branched gut to transport food through all parts of the body 2. Respires through diffusion 3. No cells can be too far from the centre of the body, resulting in the flat figure |
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Contrastreproduction between Monogenea and Trematoda |
Monogenea- hermaphrodites with no asexual reproduction, ectoparasites Trematoda- hermaphrodites with asexual reproduction in intermediate hosts, and sexual reproduction in definitive hosts |
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Whichclass of Platyhelminthes is the most common/ abundant parasitic form foundwithin vertebrates? |
Class Trematoda= digenea (flukes) |
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Why is Schistosomasp. unusual among the trematodes? |
Most Trematodes are hermaphrodites, but Schistosomes are dioecious (separate sexes) |
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List the 6 stages ofdevelopment of trematodes and indicate which is free living |
Egg-Miracidium(free living)- sporocyst- Rediae- Cercariae- Metacercariae |
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What are 3 species of Schistosoma and where their eggs arefound? |
S. mansoni S. japonicum S. haematobium |
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Describe the 3 types of suckers found in tremadotes? |
Monostome- Oral Sucker only Amphystome- Oral and Posterior suckers Distome- Oral and Ventral suckers |
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What is the definitivehost of Fasciola hepatica? |
Sheep |
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List 3 trematodespraziquantel is used to treat (Latin names) |
Clonorchis siensis (Chinese liver fluke) Paragonimus westermani (Lung fluke) Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) |
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What is the larval stage of monegena worms that is responsible for transmission from host to host? |
Oncomiracidium |
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What is a prohaptor? |
Attachment organ used for feeding |
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What is the treatment forelephantiasis? |
1. Diethylcarbamazine kills the adult worms and sterilizes the females 2. Steroids- alleviate the inflammatory symptoms 3. Cooler climate- reduces inflammation |
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What worm is responsible for causing massive infantile Trichuirasis and how is it treated? (Give species name). |
Trichuria trichuraria (whipworm) It is treated by Mebendazole, 200mg for adults, 100mg for children, for 2 days |
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Which ventricle does the dog parasite Dirofilaria immitis infect - right or left. |
Right heart and pulmonary artery |
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Name oneof the two parasites that are capable of producing dormant larvae in the hostwhich can then inhabit the mammary glands and be passed to breastfeedingbabies. |
Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanes |
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Give the name (genus and species) of the threadworm that has both a life cycle within the host and a free living life cycle. |
Strongyloides stercoralis |
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For soil-bornnematodes such as Necator,Ancylostoma, and Strongyloides,which developmental stage is the infective one? |
Filariform larvae |
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Which drug used to treat Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is the most effective? |
Pyrental pamoate |
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For Plathyhelminthes that lay eggs, which larval stage is responsible for transmission from host to host? |
Cercariae |
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Where does mature Fasciolahepatica reside inside the host? |
Bile ducts inside the liver |
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Where on the fish can Diplozoon paradoxum be found? |
On the gills of cyprinid fish |
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What are the 3 bodyparts of the tapeworms? |
Proglottids, Neck, Scolex |
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What are twomorphological features of Nematoda? |
Bilaterally symmetrical (elongated and tapered at both ends) Pseudocoel (body cavity derived from blastocoel) |
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Name one parasitethat causes elephantiasis (Latin name). |
Wucheria bancrofti |
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What wormcan mebendazole be used to treat (Give one Latin name)? |
Hookworms: Necator americans Ancylostoma duodenale |
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Whichworms mate by traumatic insemination (Latin name) |
Pin Worms (Enterobius vermicularis) |
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In reference to Strongyloides stercoralis, is the parasitic or free-living worm larger? |
The parasitic female is larger than the free living form |
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How can Ancylostoma duodenale cause a prolonged infection if the adults are short lived? |
Dormant larvae can be recruited once the adults die, leading to seasonal fluctuations in infection prevalence and intensity |
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How does the Wuchereia bancrofti cause progressive lymphadenitis? |
It is an inflammatory response to parasites lodged in lymphatic tissues, as the worm dies it produces fibro-proliferate granuloma that block the lymph channels and causes lymphadenitis |
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Whatparasite causes River Blindness? |
Onchocerca volvulus |
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How does Onchocerca volvulus cause blindness? |
Filaria worm gets into blackfly bite and births microfilariae which migrate to the eyes and skin, once they die they produce toxicity that causes itchiness and lesions, and eventually blindness |
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What is the common name of Strongyloides stercoralis? Name a disease it can cause in humans. |
threadworm can cause threadworm infection of cochin-china diarrhea |
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How is an infection by Dioctophyme renale treated? |
Surgical Removal |
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How do flatwormsexpel waste? |
Through the pharyngeal opening (Monostome, Amphystome, Distome) |
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Name one reason that flatworms are flat. |
Highly branched gut to distribute food, so all cells have to be close to centre |
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What steps have beentaken to help eradicate Elephantiasis? |
Proper hygiene and immediate medical attention |
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What is the drug ofchoice for dwarf tapeworms? |
Nicolsamide |
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What is the species of the smallest tapeworm? |
The dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolopis nana) |
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Where are cysts from Echinococcus granulosus found? |
Liver, Lung, Bones, Brain |
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What does the body cavity of roundworms contain? |
Gut (endoderm), Pseudocoel, Muscle (Mesoderm), Internal organs, Ectoderm |
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How are Dioctophyme renale treated? |
Surgical removal of the worm or the infected kidney |
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What are the twospecies that are called threadworms? |
Enterobius vermicularis Strongyloides stercoralis |
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What is the Latin andcommon name of the fiery serpent of Israelites?
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Guinea Worm- Dracunculus medinensis |
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What is the name of the symptom characterized by swelling of any organ of tissue due to the accumulation of excess lymph fluid, without an increase of the number of cells in the affected tissue? |
Elephantitis, Lymphadenitis |
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The thinbodies of flatworms allow respiration by which method? |
Diffusion |
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What isthe name for the individual independent reproductive units of tapeworms? |
Proglottid |
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How is the infective stage of Taenia solium transmitted to humans? |
Through undercooked meat infected with Taenia solium |
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What is the latin name of the whipworm? How many plugs does itsegg possess? |
Trichuris trichuraria Contains 2 plugs, terminal on each side (lemon shaped, or football shaped) |
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Why can you not pull out the guinea worm from a human's body allat once? |
It must be rolled a few centimeters at a time |
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Dioctophyme renale is also known as___ |
Giant Kidney Worm |
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What do the larvae of Trichinellaspirals look like in tissue? |
Coiled into a lemon capsule |
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Where in the body do Ascarisadult worms live? |
Lumen of the small intestine |
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What kinds of drugs can be used to treat Ascaris lumbricoides? |
Ascaricides |
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How many Trematodaworms are non-parasitic |
None? |
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What stage of development does Trematoda worms parasitize a definitive host? |
Cercaria |
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Define ahermaphrodite |
Has both Male and Female Sex organs |
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Schistosoma spp. are dioecious. What does this mean? |
They are unusual trematodes- they have separate male and female species |
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Where do Schistosoma sp.reside in the human body? |
In the blood vessels of the definitive host |
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How do Schistosoma eggsexit the infected host? |
Penetrate the walls of the veins, small intestine, or bladder Passed in the feces of the host |
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Name two reservoirsof the Chinese liver fluke. |
Clonorchis siensis Snail, Fish, Humans |
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What is the phylum ofMonogenea? |
Platyhelminthes |
