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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which pesticide/ disrupt the Na/K ion transport in nerve membranes?
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Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids
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What are pyrethrins extracted from?
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Natural botanicals
Plants that have their own natrual defenses against parasites are harnessed |
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What animals are susceptible to the toxicity of pyrethrins?
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Nursing pups and kittens <4 weeks
Fish |
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What are similar to pyrethrins but are more potent and last longer?
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Pyrethroids
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Never use pyrethroids in ________ unless the label states otherwise.
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Cats
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What pesticides are fermentation products of soil microbes?
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Macrolides
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How do macrolides work?
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Bind to glutamate gated Cl channels=hyperpolarization of nerves and muscles
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What parasites are macrolides used to control?
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Many arthropod species and some worms
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What pesticides bind to postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects?
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Neonicotinoids
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What do neonicotinoids control?
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Fleas, lice and plant pest
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How do neonicotinoids achieve low toxicity?
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Mammalian receptors are different
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What pesticides are macrocyclic lactones but work more like neonicotinoids?
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Spinosyns
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How do spinosyns work?
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Activate nicotinic acetycholine receptors
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Fipronil is an example of what type of pesticide?
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Phenylpyrazole
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What pesticides bind to gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and inhibit the flux of Cl ions into nerve cells and cause hyper-excitability?
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Phenylpyrazole
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What animals can display toxicity to Phenylpyrazoles?
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Birds, reptiles, fish, rabbits
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Amitraz is an example of a _________
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Formamidine
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Formamidines work to control ticks and mites by...
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Inhibition of monoamine oxidase
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Spinosyns control...
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Insects
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Phenylpyrazoles control...
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Insects, ticks, mites
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What are the 2 groups of macrolides?
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Averimectins and Milbemycins
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Imidacloprid and dinotefuran are examples of __________
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Neonicotinoids
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Nitenpyram is an example of ________
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Neonicotinoids
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Metaflumizone is an example of a __________
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Semicarbazone
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What do semicarbazones work to control?
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Insects
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What pesticides block sodium channels in axons and prevent neurotransmission?
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Semicarbazone
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What were the #1 choice of pesticide before the newer, safer products were developed?
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Organophosphates
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What animals still receive OP b/c they are cheap?
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Food Animals
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OP spectrum of action?
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Many arthropods
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OP mode of action?
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Acetylcholineesterase inhibitors
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What can OP cause (toxicity)?
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SLUD--salivation, lacrimation, urine, diarrhea
Respiratory failure Chronic neurotoxicity |
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Chemical names of OP include what words?
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phosphate
phore phosphore phos |
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What pesticides have similar action to OP?
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Carbamates
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IDIs are effective by means of...
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Chitin synthesis inhibitors
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IGRs are effective by means of....
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Juvenile hormone analogs
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Both IDIs and IGRs work to...
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prevent maturation
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Organism that is a parasite early in development but that finally kills host during or at the completion of development (e.g. wasps)
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Parasitoid
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The development of an ability in a strain of some organism to tolerate doses of a toxicant that would prove lethal to a majority of individuals in a normal population of the same species
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Resistance
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Type of resistance when genetic differences in the molecular target of the drug are present so that the drug doesn't bind
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Target-site resistance
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Type of resistance that involves increased inactivation or removal of the drug
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Metabolic resistance
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Type of resistance where slower absorption of the drug occurs
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Penetration resistance
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Type of resistance where the pesticide is avoided
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Behavioral resistance
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How does resistance arise?
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Inherited via random mutation always present in populations; use of the drug selects resistant organisms and increases their frequency in the population
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What are important contributing factors to resistance?
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Dose of drug
Drug formulation Human factors Size of Refugia |
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Portion of the parasite population not exposed to the drug
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Refugia
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