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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does Entamoeba histolytica cause
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Amoebiasis
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what is the reservoir/definitive host of Entamoeba histolytica
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humans and mammals
worldwide |
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what is the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica
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1. amoeba is ingestion via fecal-oral route
2. amoeba develops and invades the mucosa of the lg intestine 3. amoeba develops into cyst and passes through feces |
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what is the only non-arthropod-borne protoz. that yields partial/protective immunity
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Toxoplasma gondii
toxoplasmosis |
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what causes toxins (cytolytic and histotoxic) to erode mucosal of lg intestine resulting in "flask shaped" ulcers in brain, liver, spleen, lungs and skin
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Amoebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica |
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what is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica at the AMOEBA and CYST level
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metronidazole- amoeba
diloxanide- cyst |
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what spp. yields a diagnosis of cyst or central karyosome containing 1-4 nuclei in iodine stain of feces
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Entamoeba histolytica
Amoebiasis |
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what causes Acanthamoebic keratitis
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Acanthamoeba castellani
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where is Acanthamoeba castellani found
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worldwide in air, soil and water
accidental human infection |
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what infects damaged tissue in the eyes, lungs, skin, or uterus of humans after exposure to contaminated water, soil and air.
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Acanthamoeba castellani
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what treatment is used for Acanthamoeba castellani
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propamidine
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Acanthamoeba castellani diagnosis
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star-like cyst
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what secretes collagenase/proteolytic enzy.
stromal infiltrate in ring shaped |
Acanthamoeba castellani
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what causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
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Naegleria fowleri
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where is Naegleria fowleri found
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worldwide
free-living in fresh water, soil, vegetation |
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what cyst can survive for months in the environment and is acquired by inhalation of contaminated water through nose
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Naegleria fowleri
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis |
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what is the life cycle of Naegleria fowleri
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1.free living amoeba forms cysts
2.cysts form biflagellated trophozoites 3.biflag. troph. swim up nose 4.biflag. troph reverts back to amoeba 5.amoeba penetrate meninges via binary fission |
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diagnosis: motile amoebas containing lg. karyosomes in trichrome stain of CSF or brain biopsy
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Naegleria fowleri
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treatmeant for Naegleria fowleri
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis |
amphotericin B and rifampin
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what causes toxoplasmosis
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Toxoplasma gondii
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what treatment is used for Acanthamoeba castellani
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propamidine
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Acanthamoeba castellani diagnosis
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star-like cyst
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what secretes collagenase/proteolytic enzy.
stromal infiltrate in ring shaped |
Acanthamoeba castellani
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what causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
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Naegleria fowleri
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where is Naegleria fowleri found
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worldwide
free-living in fresh water, soil, vegetation |
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what cyst can survive for months in the environment and is acquired by inhalation of contaminated water through nose
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Naegleria fowleri
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis |
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what is the life cycle of Naegleria fowleri
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1.free living amoeba forms cysts
2.cysts form biflagellated trophozoites 3.biflag. troph. swim up nose 4.biflag. troph reverts back to amoeba 5.amoeba penetrate meninges via binary fission |
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diagnosis: motile amoebas containing lg. karyosomes in trichrome stain of CSF or brain biopsy
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Naegleria fowleri
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treatmeant for Naegleria fowleri
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis |
amphotericin B and rifampin
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what causes toxoplasmosis
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Toxoplasma gondii
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definitive host, reservoirs, dead-end for Toxoplasma gondii
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definitive: CATS!!
reservoirs: rodents, farm animals dead-end: humans |
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how is Toxoplasma gondii transmitted
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1.ingestion of oocyst in milk, water or beef
2.inhalation of cat feces 3.blood transfusions or organ donatons 4.flies or cockroaches |
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life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii
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1.after ingestion the organism invades the mucosa of the SMALL intestine
2.develops into TACHYZOITES which invades the reticuloendothelial sys. |
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T/F cats and humans produce oocysts
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False. CATS produce OOCYST
NOT HUMANS!!! |
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what non-arthropod borne protoz. has an incubation period of 1 week
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Toxoplasma gondii
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pathogenesis: tachyzoites invade cells of the organ developing pseudocyst containing bradyzoites that rupture and invade macrophages
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Toxoplasma gondii
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what is congenital toxoplasmosis
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acquired by mother during 1st, 2nd, or 3rd trimester. major birth defects/abortion
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diagnosis: giemsa stained tissue reveal PYRIFORM shaped TACHYZOITES or cysts fills with BRADYZOITES
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Toxoplasma gondii
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treatment for Toxoplasma gondii
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Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
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what causes Leishmaniasis
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Leishmania braziliansis
Leishmania donovani Leishmania mexicana Leishmania tropica |
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where are Leishmania complexes found
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Leishmania braziliansis and mexicana: central and south america
Leishmania tropica: Africa, Asia, Europe Leishmania donovani:Africa, Asia, Europe, South America |
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How is Leishmaniasis transmitted
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direct contact with infected tissue
and mother to child |
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treatment for Leishmaniasis
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antimony sodium glunconate
metal compound so you know its heavy duty stuff |
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diagnosis: bone marrow, spleen, liver, skin biopsy yields intracellular amastigotes
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Leishmaniasis
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Life cycle of Leishmaniasis
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1.amastigotes develop into promastigotes in SANDFLIES
2.injected into new host during blood meals 3.in new host promast. enters the macrophages and develop into intracellular amastigotes and multiply producing lesions. |
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incubation period for Leishmaniasis
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weeks to months for cutaneous
weeks to years for visceral |
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what causes malaria
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Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax |
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where are Plasmodium found
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worldwide
humans are the only interm. and reservoirs |
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life cycle of Plasmodium
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1.female mosquitoes inject Sporozoites during blood meals
2.sporozoites form Schizonts in liver 3.schizonts release Merzoites infecting RBC 4.form Gametocytes at same time 5.mosquitoes pick up Gametocytes during feeding 6. Gametocytes to Sporozoites in mosquitoes |
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what is treatment for malaria
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Chloroquine for P.vivax
Primaquine for P.falciparum Doxycycline for prophylaxis |
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what is plasmodium vivax
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causes the relapse of malaria
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READ PATHOGENESIS OF MALARIA
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READ PATHOGENESIS OF MALARIA
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what causes American trypanosomiasis
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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where is Trypanosoma cruzi found
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found in the Americas, humans and mammals are interm. and reservoirs
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how are they transmitted
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feces of reduviid bugs
mother-fetus and blood transfusions |
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life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi
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1.metacyclic trypomastigotes enter human
2.amastigotes form 3.trypomastigotes form in blood |
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Symptom: Romano's Signs (Swollen eyes)
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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what is used to treat Trypanosoma cruzi
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Nifurtimox
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what arthropod-borne protoz. DOES NOT have immunity
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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